Bacterial precursors and unsaturated long-chain fatty acids are biomarkers of North-Atlantic demosponges
ABSTRACT Sponges produce distinct fatty acids (FAs) that (potentially) can be used as chemotaxonomic and ecological biomarkers to study endosymbiont-host interactions and the functional ecology of sponges. Here, we present FA profiles of five common habitat-building deep-sea sponges (class Demospong...
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ftzenodo:oai:zenodo.org:4292509 2023-05-15T15:03:35+02:00 Bacterial precursors and unsaturated long-chain fatty acids are biomarkers of North-Atlantic demosponges de Kluijver, Anna Nierop, Klaas GJ Morganti, Teresa Bart, Martijn Slaby, Beate M Hanz, Ulrike de Goeij, Jasper M Mienis, Furu Middelburg, Jack J 2020-10-09 https://zenodo.org/record/4292509 https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.09.332833 unknown info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/679849/ https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.09.332833v1.article-info https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.09.332833v1.full.pdf https://zenodo.org/communities/sponges https://zenodo.org/record/4292509 https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.09.332833 oai:zenodo.org:4292509 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode bioRxiv fatty acids Porifera FAs FAME analysis Arctic Bacteria Geodia hentscheli Geodia parva Geodia atlantica Geodia barretti Stelletta rhaphidiophora branched unsaturated FAs LCFAs European Union (EU) Horizon 2020 Grant Agreement No 679849 Deep-sea Sponge Grounds Ecosystems of the North Atlantic: an integrated approach towards their preservation and sustainable exploitation SponGES info:eu-repo/semantics/preprint publication-preprint 2020 ftzenodo https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.09.332833 2023-03-10T15:52:03Z ABSTRACT Sponges produce distinct fatty acids (FAs) that (potentially) can be used as chemotaxonomic and ecological biomarkers to study endosymbiont-host interactions and the functional ecology of sponges. Here, we present FA profiles of five common habitat-building deep-sea sponges (class Demospongiae, order Tetractinellida), which are classified as high microbial abundance (HMA) species. Geodia hentscheli, G. parva, G. atlantica, G. barretti, and Stelletta rhaphidiophora were collected from boreal and Arctic sponge grounds in the North-Atlantic Ocean. Bacterial FAs dominated in all five species and particularly isomeric mixtures of mid-chain branched FAs (MBFAs, 8- and 9-Me-C16:0 and 10 and 11-Me-C18:0) were found in high abundance (together ≥ 20% of total FAs) aside more common bacterial markers. In addition, the sponges produced long-chain linear, mid- and a(i)-branched unsaturated FAs (LCFAs) with a chain length of 24‒28 C atoms and had predominantly the typical Δ5,9unsaturation, although also Δ9,19 and (yet undescribed) Δ11,21 unsaturations were identified. G. parva and S. rhaphidiophora each produced distinct LCFAs, while G. atlantica, G. barretti, and G. hentscheli produced similar LCFAs, but in different ratios. The different bacterial precursors varied in carbon isotopic composition (δ13C), with MBFAs being more enriched compared to other bacterial (linear and a(i)-branched) FAs. We propose biosynthetic pathways for different LCFAs from their bacterial precursors, that are consistent with small isotopic differences found in LCFAs. Indeed, FA profiles of deep-sea sponges can serve as chemotaxonomic markers and support the conception that sponges acquire building blocks from their endosymbiotic bacteria. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank Antje Boetius for supporting and promoting this study and organizing the PS101. We thank the captain and crew of PS101 for excellent support at sea. We thank late Hans Tore Rapp (UiB) for organizing the G.O. Sars expeditions and excellent project coordination. We thank Desmond ... Report Arctic North Atlantic Zenodo Arctic |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Zenodo |
op_collection_id |
ftzenodo |
language |
unknown |
topic |
fatty acids Porifera FAs FAME analysis Arctic Bacteria Geodia hentscheli Geodia parva Geodia atlantica Geodia barretti Stelletta rhaphidiophora branched unsaturated FAs LCFAs European Union (EU) Horizon 2020 Grant Agreement No 679849 Deep-sea Sponge Grounds Ecosystems of the North Atlantic: an integrated approach towards their preservation and sustainable exploitation SponGES |
spellingShingle |
fatty acids Porifera FAs FAME analysis Arctic Bacteria Geodia hentscheli Geodia parva Geodia atlantica Geodia barretti Stelletta rhaphidiophora branched unsaturated FAs LCFAs European Union (EU) Horizon 2020 Grant Agreement No 679849 Deep-sea Sponge Grounds Ecosystems of the North Atlantic: an integrated approach towards their preservation and sustainable exploitation SponGES de Kluijver, Anna Nierop, Klaas GJ Morganti, Teresa Bart, Martijn Slaby, Beate M Hanz, Ulrike de Goeij, Jasper M Mienis, Furu Middelburg, Jack J Bacterial precursors and unsaturated long-chain fatty acids are biomarkers of North-Atlantic demosponges |
topic_facet |
fatty acids Porifera FAs FAME analysis Arctic Bacteria Geodia hentscheli Geodia parva Geodia atlantica Geodia barretti Stelletta rhaphidiophora branched unsaturated FAs LCFAs European Union (EU) Horizon 2020 Grant Agreement No 679849 Deep-sea Sponge Grounds Ecosystems of the North Atlantic: an integrated approach towards their preservation and sustainable exploitation SponGES |
description |
ABSTRACT Sponges produce distinct fatty acids (FAs) that (potentially) can be used as chemotaxonomic and ecological biomarkers to study endosymbiont-host interactions and the functional ecology of sponges. Here, we present FA profiles of five common habitat-building deep-sea sponges (class Demospongiae, order Tetractinellida), which are classified as high microbial abundance (HMA) species. Geodia hentscheli, G. parva, G. atlantica, G. barretti, and Stelletta rhaphidiophora were collected from boreal and Arctic sponge grounds in the North-Atlantic Ocean. Bacterial FAs dominated in all five species and particularly isomeric mixtures of mid-chain branched FAs (MBFAs, 8- and 9-Me-C16:0 and 10 and 11-Me-C18:0) were found in high abundance (together ≥ 20% of total FAs) aside more common bacterial markers. In addition, the sponges produced long-chain linear, mid- and a(i)-branched unsaturated FAs (LCFAs) with a chain length of 24‒28 C atoms and had predominantly the typical Δ5,9unsaturation, although also Δ9,19 and (yet undescribed) Δ11,21 unsaturations were identified. G. parva and S. rhaphidiophora each produced distinct LCFAs, while G. atlantica, G. barretti, and G. hentscheli produced similar LCFAs, but in different ratios. The different bacterial precursors varied in carbon isotopic composition (δ13C), with MBFAs being more enriched compared to other bacterial (linear and a(i)-branched) FAs. We propose biosynthetic pathways for different LCFAs from their bacterial precursors, that are consistent with small isotopic differences found in LCFAs. Indeed, FA profiles of deep-sea sponges can serve as chemotaxonomic markers and support the conception that sponges acquire building blocks from their endosymbiotic bacteria. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank Antje Boetius for supporting and promoting this study and organizing the PS101. We thank the captain and crew of PS101 for excellent support at sea. We thank late Hans Tore Rapp (UiB) for organizing the G.O. Sars expeditions and excellent project coordination. We thank Desmond ... |
format |
Report |
author |
de Kluijver, Anna Nierop, Klaas GJ Morganti, Teresa Bart, Martijn Slaby, Beate M Hanz, Ulrike de Goeij, Jasper M Mienis, Furu Middelburg, Jack J |
author_facet |
de Kluijver, Anna Nierop, Klaas GJ Morganti, Teresa Bart, Martijn Slaby, Beate M Hanz, Ulrike de Goeij, Jasper M Mienis, Furu Middelburg, Jack J |
author_sort |
de Kluijver, Anna |
title |
Bacterial precursors and unsaturated long-chain fatty acids are biomarkers of North-Atlantic demosponges |
title_short |
Bacterial precursors and unsaturated long-chain fatty acids are biomarkers of North-Atlantic demosponges |
title_full |
Bacterial precursors and unsaturated long-chain fatty acids are biomarkers of North-Atlantic demosponges |
title_fullStr |
Bacterial precursors and unsaturated long-chain fatty acids are biomarkers of North-Atlantic demosponges |
title_full_unstemmed |
Bacterial precursors and unsaturated long-chain fatty acids are biomarkers of North-Atlantic demosponges |
title_sort |
bacterial precursors and unsaturated long-chain fatty acids are biomarkers of north-atlantic demosponges |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
https://zenodo.org/record/4292509 https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.09.332833 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
Arctic North Atlantic |
op_source |
bioRxiv |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/679849/ https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.09.332833v1.article-info https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.09.332833v1.full.pdf https://zenodo.org/communities/sponges https://zenodo.org/record/4292509 https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.09.332833 oai:zenodo.org:4292509 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.10.09.332833 |
_version_ |
1766335450766639104 |