Spectrometer measurements of snow and bare ground targets and simultaneous measurements of snow conditions

• Main Authors: Heinilä, Kirsikka, Böttcher, Kristin, Mattila, Olli-Pekka
• Format: Other/Unknown Material
• Language: English
• Published: Zenodo 2019
• Subjects: snow; reflectance; spectrum; remote sensing; satellite; Sodankylä
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3580825

The dataset holds measurements of reflected sunlight spectrum from snow and different snow free targets (moss, lichen, rock surface, ground vegetation). The purpose of the measurements has been to create a dataset to better understand the effect of snow cover characteristics and different bare ground targets on reflected sunlight, and to relate this information to observed at satellite reflectances from snow covered and partially snow covered boreal forests. The instrument in the measurements was Field Spec Pro JR from Analytical Spectral Devices Inc. Additionally to the 237 bands measured between 350-2500 nm, the dataset contains the following parameters from the measurement sites: id, location, time of measurement, target type (snow, bare ground etc.), cloudiness (in octas), snow depth (cm), snow temperature at 5 cm (degree C), snow temperature half way through the snow pack (degree C), soil temperature (degree C), air temperature (degree C), average grain size (mm), grain type, snow water content (subjective), snow patchiness (%) in the surrounding area, visible impurities in snow yes/no and land cover. -Sampling- The data has been collected in field measurement campaigns in years 2010 to 2011. The emphasis on timing of the measurements has been on the spring melting season, where, from satellite imaging perspective, there are mixed reflectance signatures from snow and bare ground. The measurements were conducted using ASD Field Spec Pro JR (Analytical Spectral Devices) spectrometer with a spectral range from 350 to 2500 nm sampled with 237 bands. Measurements were carried out with a tripod, the sensor looking at nadir. The diameter of the measurement spot was 19 cm. The measurements were mainly conducted at Sodankylä Arctic Research Station of the Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Finland, but small campaign was also done in Espoo, Finland. The site coordinates are given in the data files. The measurements of snow reflectance are associated with snow properties measured from a snow pit dug at the ...