Southern Ocean forcing of the North Atlantic at multi-centennial time scales in the Kiel Climate Model
Internal multi-centennial variability of open ocean deep convection in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean impacts the strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) in the Kiel Climate Model. The northward extent of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) strongly depends on the sta...
Published in: | Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography |
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Online Access: | https://zenodo.org/record/32892 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.01.018 |
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ftzenodo:oai:zenodo.org:32892 2023-05-15T13:35:56+02:00 Southern Ocean forcing of the North Atlantic at multi-centennial time scales in the Kiel Climate Model Torge Martin Wonsun Park Mojib Latif 2015-04-01 https://zenodo.org/record/32892 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.01.018 unknown info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/308299/ https://zenodo.org/communities/naclim https://zenodo.org/communities/ecfunded https://zenodo.org/record/32892 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.01.018 oai:zenodo.org:32892 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 114 39-48 (2015) Climate variability Deep convection Meridional ocean circulation Bi-polar ocean seesaw info:eu-repo/semantics/article publication-article 2015 ftzenodo https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.01.018 2023-03-11T00:40:27Z Internal multi-centennial variability of open ocean deep convection in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean impacts the strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) in the Kiel Climate Model. The northward extent of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) strongly depends on the state of Weddell Sea deep convection. The retreat of AABW results in an enhanced meridional density gradient that drives an increase in the strength and vertical extent of the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) cell. This shows, for instance, as a peak in AMOC strength at 30°N about a century after Weddell Sea deep convection has ceased. The stronger southward flow of NADW is compensated by an expansion of the North Atlantic subpolar gyre and an acceleration of the North Atlantic Current, indicating greater deep water formation. Contractions of the North Atlantic subpolar gyre enable warm water anomalies, which evolved in response to deep convection events in the Southern Ocean, to penetrate farther to the north, eventually weakening the AMOC and closing a quasi-centennial cycle. Gyre contractions are accompanied by increases in sea level of up to 20 cm/century in some areas of the North Atlantic. In the Southern Ocean itself, the heat loss during the convective regime results in a sea surface height decrease on the order of 10 cm/century, with a maximum of 30 cm/century in the Weddell Sea. Hence, the impact of the Southern Ocean Centennial Variability (SOCV) on regional as well as North Atlantic sea level is of the same order of magnitude as the rise of global average sea level during the 20th century, which amounts to about 15–20 cm. This suggests that internal variability on a centennial time scale cannot be neglected a priori in assessments of 20th and 21st century AMOC and regional sea level change. Deep Sea Research Part II is a green OA journal, publisher's version will be available in 12 - 48 months after the publication on 30 Jan. 2014, post-print available Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic NADW north atlantic current North Atlantic Deep Water North Atlantic Southern Ocean Weddell Sea Zenodo Antarctic Southern Ocean Weddell Weddell Sea Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 114 39 48 |
institution |
Open Polar |
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op_collection_id |
ftzenodo |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Climate variability Deep convection Meridional ocean circulation Bi-polar ocean seesaw |
spellingShingle |
Climate variability Deep convection Meridional ocean circulation Bi-polar ocean seesaw Torge Martin Wonsun Park Mojib Latif Southern Ocean forcing of the North Atlantic at multi-centennial time scales in the Kiel Climate Model |
topic_facet |
Climate variability Deep convection Meridional ocean circulation Bi-polar ocean seesaw |
description |
Internal multi-centennial variability of open ocean deep convection in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean impacts the strength of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) in the Kiel Climate Model. The northward extent of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) strongly depends on the state of Weddell Sea deep convection. The retreat of AABW results in an enhanced meridional density gradient that drives an increase in the strength and vertical extent of the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) cell. This shows, for instance, as a peak in AMOC strength at 30°N about a century after Weddell Sea deep convection has ceased. The stronger southward flow of NADW is compensated by an expansion of the North Atlantic subpolar gyre and an acceleration of the North Atlantic Current, indicating greater deep water formation. Contractions of the North Atlantic subpolar gyre enable warm water anomalies, which evolved in response to deep convection events in the Southern Ocean, to penetrate farther to the north, eventually weakening the AMOC and closing a quasi-centennial cycle. Gyre contractions are accompanied by increases in sea level of up to 20 cm/century in some areas of the North Atlantic. In the Southern Ocean itself, the heat loss during the convective regime results in a sea surface height decrease on the order of 10 cm/century, with a maximum of 30 cm/century in the Weddell Sea. Hence, the impact of the Southern Ocean Centennial Variability (SOCV) on regional as well as North Atlantic sea level is of the same order of magnitude as the rise of global average sea level during the 20th century, which amounts to about 15–20 cm. This suggests that internal variability on a centennial time scale cannot be neglected a priori in assessments of 20th and 21st century AMOC and regional sea level change. Deep Sea Research Part II is a green OA journal, publisher's version will be available in 12 - 48 months after the publication on 30 Jan. 2014, post-print available |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Torge Martin Wonsun Park Mojib Latif |
author_facet |
Torge Martin Wonsun Park Mojib Latif |
author_sort |
Torge Martin |
title |
Southern Ocean forcing of the North Atlantic at multi-centennial time scales in the Kiel Climate Model |
title_short |
Southern Ocean forcing of the North Atlantic at multi-centennial time scales in the Kiel Climate Model |
title_full |
Southern Ocean forcing of the North Atlantic at multi-centennial time scales in the Kiel Climate Model |
title_fullStr |
Southern Ocean forcing of the North Atlantic at multi-centennial time scales in the Kiel Climate Model |
title_full_unstemmed |
Southern Ocean forcing of the North Atlantic at multi-centennial time scales in the Kiel Climate Model |
title_sort |
southern ocean forcing of the north atlantic at multi-centennial time scales in the kiel climate model |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
https://zenodo.org/record/32892 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.01.018 |
geographic |
Antarctic Southern Ocean Weddell Weddell Sea |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Southern Ocean Weddell Weddell Sea |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic NADW north atlantic current North Atlantic Deep Water North Atlantic Southern Ocean Weddell Sea |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic NADW north atlantic current North Atlantic Deep Water North Atlantic Southern Ocean Weddell Sea |
op_source |
Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 114 39-48 (2015) |
op_relation |
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/308299/ https://zenodo.org/communities/naclim https://zenodo.org/communities/ecfunded https://zenodo.org/record/32892 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.01.018 oai:zenodo.org:32892 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.01.018 |
container_title |
Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography |
container_volume |
114 |
container_start_page |
39 |
op_container_end_page |
48 |
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1766072175159148544 |