Zygothuria candelabri

• Main Authors: Gebruk, Andrey V., Solis-Marin, Francisco A., Billett, David S. M., Rogacheva, Antonina V., Tyler, Paul A.
• Format: Other/Unknown Material
• Language: unknown
• Published: Zenodo 2012
• Subjects: Biodiversity; Taxonomy; Animalia; Echinodermata; Holothuroidea; Holothuriida; Mesothuriidae; Zygothuria; Zygothuria candelabri; North East Atlantic; Southern Ocean
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10536909; http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6931320BFFC2FFEAFE2016DFF176FE61

Zygothuria candelabri (Hérouard, 1923) (Figure 16) Mesothuria candelabri – Hérouard, 1923: 17–19, pl. 1, figs. 1–10; Madsen, 1953: 153. Non Mesothuria ( Allantis ) candelabri – Heding, 1940: 334–335, textfig. 3 [= Mesothuria ( Penichrothuria ) cathedralis ]. Zygothuria candelabri (Hérouard, 1923) – Deichmann, 1930: 111. Material examined See Table 12. Type material Syntype (fragments), MOM, Princesse-Alice , St. 2986, 17 August 1910, 45 ◦ 7 ′ 30" N, 7 ◦ 6 ′ W, 4870 m. Type locality Atlantic Ocean, Bay of Biscay, 4870 m. Diagnosis Body ovoid, flattened, but with a well-differentiated sole; integument often wrinkled. Tubefeet arranged exclusively in single or double row along ventrolateral ambulacra, placed on sole margin, which often forms a fringe. Twenty tentacles. Calcareous ring well developed, with squarish radial pieces. Ossicles tables with spire of three (rarely four) columns; arms of spire three rarely four, arms spinous or slightly spinous, longer than stem (Figure 16); arm length 0.08–0.14 mm. Disks with seven or eight holes; several holes in outer circle may develop; disk diameter from 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm. Remarks The original description of Z. candelabri was based on fragments. It is a deep-living form recorded from 3757 to 4870 m in the north-east Atlantic (Billett 1991). Ossicles similar to those in Z. candelabri occur in Mesothuria ( Zygothuria ) lactea var. spinosa (Heding 1940), size unknown, recorded from 5108 m in the south-east Atlantic (Figure 6). The latter species is likely to be age variation of Z. thomsoni : the arms of the spire are shorter in this species. There is also a similarity between these forms and Z. connectens , 60 mm long, recorded off north-west Africa from 1975 to 2518 m. A difference occurs, however in that the arms of spire in the former are spinous, whereas they are smooth in the latter. Confusion is added by the variety Z. thomsoni var. hyalina (Théel, 1886), 68 mm long, known from the Southern Ocean (off southern Australia) from 3294 m (Figure 6), which differs from the ...