Seeing With Two Eyes: Colonial Policy, the Huron Tract Treaty and Changes in the Land in Lambton County, 1780-1867
ABSTRACT This dissertation explores the histories of Walpole Island (Bkejwanong), Sarnia (Aamjiwnaang), and Kettle and Stoney Point (Wiiwkwedong and Aazhoodena) between 1790 and 1867 in what became Lambton County, Ontario. Anishinabe peoples faced tremendous challenges during this crucial period in...
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ftyorkuniv:oai:yorkspace.library.yorku.ca:10315/30644 2023-05-15T13:28:41+02:00 Seeing With Two Eyes: Colonial Policy, the Huron Tract Treaty and Changes in the Land in Lambton County, 1780-1867 Travers, Karen Jean McNab, David T. 2015-12-16T19:15:28Z application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/10315/30644 en eng http://hdl.handle.net/10315/30644 Author owns copyright, except where explicitly noted. Please contact the author directly with licensing requests. Canadian history Anishinabe Ojibway First Nation Walpole Island Chenail Ecarte McKee Treaty Sarnia Kettle Point Stoney Point Stony Point Ipperwash Ontario history treaties Huron Tract Treaty Indigenous studies colonial history pre-Confederation Upper Canada Western District Northwest Michigan Amherstburg Baldoon St. Clair Moore Township Lower Reserve Sombra Township Shawanoe Essex County Bosanquet Township Aboriginal history economics agriculture settlement land use colonial Great Lakes Indigenous-European relations government 1849 Municipal Act Proclamation of 1763 1839 Crown Lands Act debt credit Indian Affairs resources Electronic Thesis or Dissertation 2015 ftyorkuniv 2022-08-22T13:01:01Z ABSTRACT This dissertation explores the histories of Walpole Island (Bkejwanong), Sarnia (Aamjiwnaang), and Kettle and Stoney Point (Wiiwkwedong and Aazhoodena) between 1790 and 1867 in what became Lambton County, Ontario. Anishinabe peoples faced tremendous challenges during this crucial period in their histories stemming from the loss of the Ohio Valley, non-native settlement, and intense pressure to surrender the land and settle permanently on reserves. With few exceptions, literature on the subject of Upper Canadian history and Indian policy largely accepts the decline of Anishinabe communities as an inevitable consequence of demilitarization after the War of 1812. The fact that Anishinabe peoples continue to live in these same communities as they have for hundreds of years, complicates such analyses. Through the lens of ‘two-eyed seeing’ I interrogate this contradiction and explore the many ways that the Anishinabeg sought to combine Indigenous knowledge and worldviews with the tools to survive in Eurocanadian economies between 1790 and 1867. While this story is not one of swift decline, I argue that Indigenous leaders sought a future for themselves that differed fundamentally from the one that unfolded in the years before Confederation. This study¬ uses petitions, Indian Affairs and municipal documents to explore the confluence of local processes that undermined Anishinabe attempts to co-exist with Eurocanadians. While it is true that Great Britain no longer needed its ‘Indian allies’ after the War of 1812, this does not sufficiently explain why fellow Loyalists and settlers did not accept Anishinabe peoples as partners in a province that both communities helped establish. While policy is an important part of this process, it is only a part of this story. My focus is on the relationships established between two peoples, and the construction, devolution, and disintegration of these relationships. Plans made by Anishinabe Chiefs to create a self-sufficient and independent future in Upper Canada were ... Thesis anishina* stoney York University, Toronto: YorkSpace Canada Indian Stony Point ENVELOPE(-62.933,-62.933,-64.913,-64.913) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
York University, Toronto: YorkSpace |
op_collection_id |
ftyorkuniv |
language |
English |
topic |
Canadian history Anishinabe Ojibway First Nation Walpole Island Chenail Ecarte McKee Treaty Sarnia Kettle Point Stoney Point Stony Point Ipperwash Ontario history treaties Huron Tract Treaty Indigenous studies colonial history pre-Confederation Upper Canada Western District Northwest Michigan Amherstburg Baldoon St. Clair Moore Township Lower Reserve Sombra Township Shawanoe Essex County Bosanquet Township Aboriginal history economics agriculture settlement land use colonial Great Lakes Indigenous-European relations government 1849 Municipal Act Proclamation of 1763 1839 Crown Lands Act debt credit Indian Affairs resources |
spellingShingle |
Canadian history Anishinabe Ojibway First Nation Walpole Island Chenail Ecarte McKee Treaty Sarnia Kettle Point Stoney Point Stony Point Ipperwash Ontario history treaties Huron Tract Treaty Indigenous studies colonial history pre-Confederation Upper Canada Western District Northwest Michigan Amherstburg Baldoon St. Clair Moore Township Lower Reserve Sombra Township Shawanoe Essex County Bosanquet Township Aboriginal history economics agriculture settlement land use colonial Great Lakes Indigenous-European relations government 1849 Municipal Act Proclamation of 1763 1839 Crown Lands Act debt credit Indian Affairs resources Travers, Karen Jean Seeing With Two Eyes: Colonial Policy, the Huron Tract Treaty and Changes in the Land in Lambton County, 1780-1867 |
topic_facet |
Canadian history Anishinabe Ojibway First Nation Walpole Island Chenail Ecarte McKee Treaty Sarnia Kettle Point Stoney Point Stony Point Ipperwash Ontario history treaties Huron Tract Treaty Indigenous studies colonial history pre-Confederation Upper Canada Western District Northwest Michigan Amherstburg Baldoon St. Clair Moore Township Lower Reserve Sombra Township Shawanoe Essex County Bosanquet Township Aboriginal history economics agriculture settlement land use colonial Great Lakes Indigenous-European relations government 1849 Municipal Act Proclamation of 1763 1839 Crown Lands Act debt credit Indian Affairs resources |
description |
ABSTRACT This dissertation explores the histories of Walpole Island (Bkejwanong), Sarnia (Aamjiwnaang), and Kettle and Stoney Point (Wiiwkwedong and Aazhoodena) between 1790 and 1867 in what became Lambton County, Ontario. Anishinabe peoples faced tremendous challenges during this crucial period in their histories stemming from the loss of the Ohio Valley, non-native settlement, and intense pressure to surrender the land and settle permanently on reserves. With few exceptions, literature on the subject of Upper Canadian history and Indian policy largely accepts the decline of Anishinabe communities as an inevitable consequence of demilitarization after the War of 1812. The fact that Anishinabe peoples continue to live in these same communities as they have for hundreds of years, complicates such analyses. Through the lens of ‘two-eyed seeing’ I interrogate this contradiction and explore the many ways that the Anishinabeg sought to combine Indigenous knowledge and worldviews with the tools to survive in Eurocanadian economies between 1790 and 1867. While this story is not one of swift decline, I argue that Indigenous leaders sought a future for themselves that differed fundamentally from the one that unfolded in the years before Confederation. This study¬ uses petitions, Indian Affairs and municipal documents to explore the confluence of local processes that undermined Anishinabe attempts to co-exist with Eurocanadians. While it is true that Great Britain no longer needed its ‘Indian allies’ after the War of 1812, this does not sufficiently explain why fellow Loyalists and settlers did not accept Anishinabe peoples as partners in a province that both communities helped establish. While policy is an important part of this process, it is only a part of this story. My focus is on the relationships established between two peoples, and the construction, devolution, and disintegration of these relationships. Plans made by Anishinabe Chiefs to create a self-sufficient and independent future in Upper Canada were ... |
author2 |
McNab, David T. |
format |
Thesis |
author |
Travers, Karen Jean |
author_facet |
Travers, Karen Jean |
author_sort |
Travers, Karen Jean |
title |
Seeing With Two Eyes: Colonial Policy, the Huron Tract Treaty and Changes in the Land in Lambton County, 1780-1867 |
title_short |
Seeing With Two Eyes: Colonial Policy, the Huron Tract Treaty and Changes in the Land in Lambton County, 1780-1867 |
title_full |
Seeing With Two Eyes: Colonial Policy, the Huron Tract Treaty and Changes in the Land in Lambton County, 1780-1867 |
title_fullStr |
Seeing With Two Eyes: Colonial Policy, the Huron Tract Treaty and Changes in the Land in Lambton County, 1780-1867 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Seeing With Two Eyes: Colonial Policy, the Huron Tract Treaty and Changes in the Land in Lambton County, 1780-1867 |
title_sort |
seeing with two eyes: colonial policy, the huron tract treaty and changes in the land in lambton county, 1780-1867 |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/10315/30644 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-62.933,-62.933,-64.913,-64.913) |
geographic |
Canada Indian Stony Point |
geographic_facet |
Canada Indian Stony Point |
genre |
anishina* stoney |
genre_facet |
anishina* stoney |
op_relation |
http://hdl.handle.net/10315/30644 |
op_rights |
Author owns copyright, except where explicitly noted. Please contact the author directly with licensing requests. |
_version_ |
1766405650018992128 |