2013年《水俣公约》与北极环境保护：汞污染防治的希望与挑战

• Main Author: David L. VanderZwaag
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: Chinese
• Published: 《中国海洋法学评论》编辑部 2015
• Subjects: 《水俣公约》; Minamata Convention; 汞污染; Mercury pollution; 北极环境; Arctic environment; 化学品和废物; Chemicals and wastes; 人类健康; Human health; Arctic
• Online Access: http://dspace.xmu.edu.cn/handle/2288/124424

David L. VanderZwaag，达尔豪斯大学法学院海洋与环境法研究所法学教授，加拿大研究讲座教授（海洋法与海洋治理方向）。 【中文摘要】控制汞向北极的远距离迁移是2013年10月通过的《水俣公约》(以下简称“《公约》”)的目的之一。本文从2个角度分析了该公约。首先指出《公约》存在10个方面能让人看到希望，包括：赋予缔约方逐步淘汰汞开采活动的义务；将2020年定为逐步淘汰众多汞添加产品的日期；鼓励在牙科中逐步减少汞的使用和释放；禁止及限制在《公约》所列制造工艺中使用汞；要求缔约方控制《公约》所列点源(如燃煤火力发电厂和废物焚烧设施)的大气排放，等等。文章接着讨论了《公约》实施过程中可能遇到的7项挑战：满足《公约》严格的生效条件，确保按时逐步淘汰，确实减少汞排放和释放，确保获得充足的资金，以及厘清《公约》与其他公约及涉及汞的国际倡议的关系等。 【Abstract】The Minamata Convention, adopted in October 2013 and aimed in part at controlling the long-range transport of mercury into the Arctic, is reviewed from two perspectives. First, ten promising aspects of the Convention are high-lighted. Promises include, among others: committing Parties to phase-out mercury mining; establishing a phase-out date of 2020 for many mercury-added products;encouraging the phase-down of mercury uses and releases in dentistry; prohibiting and restricting the use of mercury in listed manufacturing processes; and requiring Parties to control atmospheric emissions from listed point sources, such as coalfired power plants and waste incineration facilities. Second, seven implementation challenges are discussed. Among the challenges are: reaching rigorous ratification of the Convention; ensuring timely phase-outs; achieving actual reductions in mercury emissions and releases; ensuring adequate financing; and sorting out relationships with other conventions and international mercury-related initiatives. 加拿大社会科学和人文研究委员会给予“北极海洋治理跟踪与展望”项目的科研支持