Seasonality of biological and physical controls on surface ocean CO2 from hourly observations at the Southern Ocean Time Series site south of Australia
The Subantarctic Zone (SAZ), which covers the northern half of the Southern Ocean between the Subtropical and Subantarctic Fronts, is important for air-sea CO2 exchange, ventilation of the lower thermocline, and nutrient supply for global ocean productivity. Here we present the first high-resolution...
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ftwilliammarycol:oai:scholarworks.wm.edu:vimsarticles-1851 2023-06-11T04:04:26+02:00 Seasonality of biological and physical controls on surface ocean CO2 from hourly observations at the Southern Ocean Time Series site south of Australia Shadwick, EH Trull, TW Tilbrook, B Sutton, AJ Schulz, E 2015-01-01T08:00:00Z application/pdf https://scholarworks.wm.edu/vimsarticles/851 doi: 10.1002/2014GB004906 https://scholarworks.wm.edu/context/vimsarticles/article/1851/viewcontent/2014GB004906.pdf unknown W&M ScholarWorks https://scholarworks.wm.edu/vimsarticles/851 doi: 10.1002/2014GB004906 https://scholarworks.wm.edu/context/vimsarticles/article/1851/viewcontent/2014GB004906.pdf VIMS Articles Polar Frontal Zones Antarctic Circumpolar Current Net Community Production Anthropogenic Co2 Mixed-Layer Inorganic Carbon Pacific-Ocean Gas-Exchange Bats Site Sea Physical Sciences Peer-Reviewed Articles Aquaculture and Fisheries text 2015 ftwilliammarycol https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GB004906 2023-05-04T17:57:23Z The Subantarctic Zone (SAZ), which covers the northern half of the Southern Ocean between the Subtropical and Subantarctic Fronts, is important for air-sea CO2 exchange, ventilation of the lower thermocline, and nutrient supply for global ocean productivity. Here we present the first high-resolution autonomous observations of mixed layer CO2 partial pressure (pCO(2)) and hydrographic properties covering a full annual cycle in the SAZ. The amplitude of the seasonal cycle in pCO(2) (similar to 60 mu atm), from near-atmospheric equilibrium in late winter to similar to 330 mu atm in midsummer, results from opposing physical and biological drivers. Decomposing these contributions demonstrates that the biological control on pCO(2) (up to 100 mu atm), is 4 times larger than the thermal component and driven by annual net community production of 2.45 +/- 1.47 mol C m(-2) yr(-1). After the summer biological pCO(2) depletion, the return to near-atmospheric equilibrium proceeds slowly, driven in part by autumn entrainment into a deepening mixed layer and achieving full equilibration in late winter and early spring as respiration and advection complete the annual cycle. The shutdown of winter convection and associated mixed layer shoaling proceeds intermittently, appearing to frustrate the initiation of production. Horizontal processes, identified from salinity anomalies, are associated with biological pCO(2) signatures but with differing impacts in winter (when they reflect far-field variations in dissolved inorganic carbon and/or biomass) and summer (when they suggest promotion of local production by the relief of silicic acid or iron limitation). These results provide clarity on SAZ seasonal carbon cycling and demonstrate that the magnitude of the seasonal pCO(2) cycle is twice as large as that in the subarctic high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll waters, which can inform the selection of optimal global models in this region. Text Antarc* Antarctic Southern Ocean Subarctic W&M ScholarWorks Antarctic Southern Ocean Pacific Global Biogeochemical Cycles 29 2 223 238 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
W&M ScholarWorks |
op_collection_id |
ftwilliammarycol |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Polar Frontal Zones Antarctic Circumpolar Current Net Community Production Anthropogenic Co2 Mixed-Layer Inorganic Carbon Pacific-Ocean Gas-Exchange Bats Site Sea Physical Sciences Peer-Reviewed Articles Aquaculture and Fisheries |
spellingShingle |
Polar Frontal Zones Antarctic Circumpolar Current Net Community Production Anthropogenic Co2 Mixed-Layer Inorganic Carbon Pacific-Ocean Gas-Exchange Bats Site Sea Physical Sciences Peer-Reviewed Articles Aquaculture and Fisheries Shadwick, EH Trull, TW Tilbrook, B Sutton, AJ Schulz, E Seasonality of biological and physical controls on surface ocean CO2 from hourly observations at the Southern Ocean Time Series site south of Australia |
topic_facet |
Polar Frontal Zones Antarctic Circumpolar Current Net Community Production Anthropogenic Co2 Mixed-Layer Inorganic Carbon Pacific-Ocean Gas-Exchange Bats Site Sea Physical Sciences Peer-Reviewed Articles Aquaculture and Fisheries |
description |
The Subantarctic Zone (SAZ), which covers the northern half of the Southern Ocean between the Subtropical and Subantarctic Fronts, is important for air-sea CO2 exchange, ventilation of the lower thermocline, and nutrient supply for global ocean productivity. Here we present the first high-resolution autonomous observations of mixed layer CO2 partial pressure (pCO(2)) and hydrographic properties covering a full annual cycle in the SAZ. The amplitude of the seasonal cycle in pCO(2) (similar to 60 mu atm), from near-atmospheric equilibrium in late winter to similar to 330 mu atm in midsummer, results from opposing physical and biological drivers. Decomposing these contributions demonstrates that the biological control on pCO(2) (up to 100 mu atm), is 4 times larger than the thermal component and driven by annual net community production of 2.45 +/- 1.47 mol C m(-2) yr(-1). After the summer biological pCO(2) depletion, the return to near-atmospheric equilibrium proceeds slowly, driven in part by autumn entrainment into a deepening mixed layer and achieving full equilibration in late winter and early spring as respiration and advection complete the annual cycle. The shutdown of winter convection and associated mixed layer shoaling proceeds intermittently, appearing to frustrate the initiation of production. Horizontal processes, identified from salinity anomalies, are associated with biological pCO(2) signatures but with differing impacts in winter (when they reflect far-field variations in dissolved inorganic carbon and/or biomass) and summer (when they suggest promotion of local production by the relief of silicic acid or iron limitation). These results provide clarity on SAZ seasonal carbon cycling and demonstrate that the magnitude of the seasonal pCO(2) cycle is twice as large as that in the subarctic high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll waters, which can inform the selection of optimal global models in this region. |
format |
Text |
author |
Shadwick, EH Trull, TW Tilbrook, B Sutton, AJ Schulz, E |
author_facet |
Shadwick, EH Trull, TW Tilbrook, B Sutton, AJ Schulz, E |
author_sort |
Shadwick, EH |
title |
Seasonality of biological and physical controls on surface ocean CO2 from hourly observations at the Southern Ocean Time Series site south of Australia |
title_short |
Seasonality of biological and physical controls on surface ocean CO2 from hourly observations at the Southern Ocean Time Series site south of Australia |
title_full |
Seasonality of biological and physical controls on surface ocean CO2 from hourly observations at the Southern Ocean Time Series site south of Australia |
title_fullStr |
Seasonality of biological and physical controls on surface ocean CO2 from hourly observations at the Southern Ocean Time Series site south of Australia |
title_full_unstemmed |
Seasonality of biological and physical controls on surface ocean CO2 from hourly observations at the Southern Ocean Time Series site south of Australia |
title_sort |
seasonality of biological and physical controls on surface ocean co2 from hourly observations at the southern ocean time series site south of australia |
publisher |
W&M ScholarWorks |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
https://scholarworks.wm.edu/vimsarticles/851 https://scholarworks.wm.edu/context/vimsarticles/article/1851/viewcontent/2014GB004906.pdf |
geographic |
Antarctic Southern Ocean Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Southern Ocean Pacific |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Southern Ocean Subarctic |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Southern Ocean Subarctic |
op_source |
VIMS Articles |
op_relation |
https://scholarworks.wm.edu/vimsarticles/851 doi: 10.1002/2014GB004906 https://scholarworks.wm.edu/context/vimsarticles/article/1851/viewcontent/2014GB004906.pdf |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GB004906 |
container_title |
Global Biogeochemical Cycles |
container_volume |
29 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
223 |
op_container_end_page |
238 |
_version_ |
1768387752661876736 |