Trophic cascades in the western Ross Sea, Antarctica: revisited
We investigated mesopredator effects on prey availability in the Ross Sea, Antarctica, as - sessing the reasons why Adélie penguin Pygoscelis adeliae foraging trip duration (FTD) increases and diet changes from krill to fish as numbers of foraging penguins and competing cetaceans increase in the pe...
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ftwilliammarycol:oai:scholarworks.wm.edu:vimsarticles-1535 2024-06-23T07:46:01+00:00 Trophic cascades in the western Ross Sea, Antarctica: revisited Ainley, David G. Ballard, Grant Jones, Randolph M. Jongsomjit, Dennis Pierce, Stephen D. Smith, Walker O., Jr. Veloz, Sam 2015-08-27T07:00:00Z application/pdf https://scholarworks.wm.edu/vimsarticles/541 https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11394 https://scholarworks.wm.edu/context/vimsarticles/article/1535/viewcontent/m534p001.pdf unknown W&M ScholarWorks https://scholarworks.wm.edu/vimsarticles/541 doi: doi:10.3354/meps11394 https://scholarworks.wm.edu/context/vimsarticles/article/1535/viewcontent/m534p001.pdf http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ VIMS Articles Adélie penguin · Foraging competition · Ross Sea · Trophic cascade · Wasp-waist food web structure Biological Sciences Peer-Reviewed Articles Aquaculture and Fisheries text 2015 ftwilliammarycol https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11394</p>10.3354/meps11394 2024-06-05T03:31:54Z We investigated mesopredator effects on prey availability in the Ross Sea, Antarctica, as - sessing the reasons why Adélie penguin Pygoscelis adeliae foraging trip duration (FTD) increases and diet changes from krill to fish as numbers of foraging penguins and competing cetaceans increase in the penguins’ foraging area. To investigate penguins’ seasonally changing FTD as a function of foraging-population size—previously investigated indirectly—we used bio-logging to determine the penguins’ 3-dimensional foraging volume, while an autonomous glider quantified the depth, abundance, and distribution of potential prey. As numbers of foraging penguins and cetaceans increased, penguins spent more time on foraging trips, traveling farther and deeper, and their diet included more fish, as average maximum depth of krill increased from 45 to 65 m, and that of small fish also deepened, but only from 51 to 57 m. With a need to forage at greater depths for in creasingly over lapping prey, the penguins consumed more of the energydense fish. Krill depth was negatively correlated with chlorophyll (a proxy for krill food), indi cating an uncoupling between the two and the overwhelming importance of predation avoidance by the krill relative to food acquisition. Results support the hypotheses that (1) predators remove the grazers from Ross Sea surface waters, controlling their ver - tical distributions; and (2) the food web has a ‘waspwaist’ structure, in which middle- and upper-trophic levels are controlled top-down, whereas phytoplank - ton production and accumulation are regulated bottom-up, largely independent of grazer control. Ross Sea models need revision to reflect this food web structure. Text Antarc* Antarctica Pygoscelis adeliae Ross Sea W&M ScholarWorks Ross Sea |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
W&M ScholarWorks |
op_collection_id |
ftwilliammarycol |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Adélie penguin · Foraging competition · Ross Sea · Trophic cascade · Wasp-waist food web structure Biological Sciences Peer-Reviewed Articles Aquaculture and Fisheries |
spellingShingle |
Adélie penguin · Foraging competition · Ross Sea · Trophic cascade · Wasp-waist food web structure Biological Sciences Peer-Reviewed Articles Aquaculture and Fisheries Ainley, David G. Ballard, Grant Jones, Randolph M. Jongsomjit, Dennis Pierce, Stephen D. Smith, Walker O., Jr. Veloz, Sam Trophic cascades in the western Ross Sea, Antarctica: revisited |
topic_facet |
Adélie penguin · Foraging competition · Ross Sea · Trophic cascade · Wasp-waist food web structure Biological Sciences Peer-Reviewed Articles Aquaculture and Fisheries |
description |
We investigated mesopredator effects on prey availability in the Ross Sea, Antarctica, as - sessing the reasons why Adélie penguin Pygoscelis adeliae foraging trip duration (FTD) increases and diet changes from krill to fish as numbers of foraging penguins and competing cetaceans increase in the penguins’ foraging area. To investigate penguins’ seasonally changing FTD as a function of foraging-population size—previously investigated indirectly—we used bio-logging to determine the penguins’ 3-dimensional foraging volume, while an autonomous glider quantified the depth, abundance, and distribution of potential prey. As numbers of foraging penguins and cetaceans increased, penguins spent more time on foraging trips, traveling farther and deeper, and their diet included more fish, as average maximum depth of krill increased from 45 to 65 m, and that of small fish also deepened, but only from 51 to 57 m. With a need to forage at greater depths for in creasingly over lapping prey, the penguins consumed more of the energydense fish. Krill depth was negatively correlated with chlorophyll (a proxy for krill food), indi cating an uncoupling between the two and the overwhelming importance of predation avoidance by the krill relative to food acquisition. Results support the hypotheses that (1) predators remove the grazers from Ross Sea surface waters, controlling their ver - tical distributions; and (2) the food web has a ‘waspwaist’ structure, in which middle- and upper-trophic levels are controlled top-down, whereas phytoplank - ton production and accumulation are regulated bottom-up, largely independent of grazer control. Ross Sea models need revision to reflect this food web structure. |
format |
Text |
author |
Ainley, David G. Ballard, Grant Jones, Randolph M. Jongsomjit, Dennis Pierce, Stephen D. Smith, Walker O., Jr. Veloz, Sam |
author_facet |
Ainley, David G. Ballard, Grant Jones, Randolph M. Jongsomjit, Dennis Pierce, Stephen D. Smith, Walker O., Jr. Veloz, Sam |
author_sort |
Ainley, David G. |
title |
Trophic cascades in the western Ross Sea, Antarctica: revisited |
title_short |
Trophic cascades in the western Ross Sea, Antarctica: revisited |
title_full |
Trophic cascades in the western Ross Sea, Antarctica: revisited |
title_fullStr |
Trophic cascades in the western Ross Sea, Antarctica: revisited |
title_full_unstemmed |
Trophic cascades in the western Ross Sea, Antarctica: revisited |
title_sort |
trophic cascades in the western ross sea, antarctica: revisited |
publisher |
W&M ScholarWorks |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
https://scholarworks.wm.edu/vimsarticles/541 https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11394 https://scholarworks.wm.edu/context/vimsarticles/article/1535/viewcontent/m534p001.pdf |
geographic |
Ross Sea |
geographic_facet |
Ross Sea |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctica Pygoscelis adeliae Ross Sea |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctica Pygoscelis adeliae Ross Sea |
op_source |
VIMS Articles |
op_relation |
https://scholarworks.wm.edu/vimsarticles/541 doi: doi:10.3354/meps11394 https://scholarworks.wm.edu/context/vimsarticles/article/1535/viewcontent/m534p001.pdf |
op_rights |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11394</p>10.3354/meps11394 |
_version_ |
1802643568785883136 |