Wikibooks: Anatomy and Physiology of Animals/Chemicals

• Format: Book
• Language: English
• Subjects: Carbonic acid
• Online Access: https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Anatomy_and_Physiology_of_Animals/Chemicals

[[thumb 400px right original image by CC BY]] =Objectives= After completing this section you should know the symbols used to represent elements names of molecules commonly found in animal cells characteristics of ions and electrolytes basic structure of carbohydrates with examples carbohydrates can be divided into mono di and poly saccharides basic structure of fats or lipids with examples basic structure of proteins with examples function of carbohydrates lipids and proteins in the cell and animals bodies foods which supply carbohydrates lipids and proteins in animal diets. =Elements And Atoms= The elements (simplest chemical substances) found in an animal’s body are all made of basic building blocks or atoms. The most common elements found in cells are given in the table below with the symbol that is used to represent them. =Compounds And Molecules= A molecule is formed when two or more atoms join together. A compound is formed when two or more different elements combine in a fixed ratio by mass. Note that some atoms are never found alone. For example oxygen is always found as molecules of 2 oxygen atoms (represented as O 2 ). The table below gives some common compounds. =Chemical Reactions= Reactions occur when atoms combine or separate from other atoms. In the process new products with different chemical properties are formed. Chemical reactions can be represented by chemical equations . The starting atoms or compounds are usually put on the left hand side of the equation and the products on the right hand side. For example H 2 O + CO 2 gives H 2 CO 3 or H 2 O + CO 2 = H 2 CO 3 Water + Carbon dioxide gives Carbonic acid =Ionization= When some atoms dissolve in water they become charged particles called ions . Some become positively charged ions and others negatively charged. Ions may have one two or sometimes three charges. The table below shows examples of positively and negatively charged ions with the number of their charges. Positive and negative ions attract one another to hold compounds together. ...