Ice and ocean velocity in the Arctic marginal ice zone : ice roughness and momentum transfer
© The Author(s), 2017. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Elementa Science of the Anthropocene 5 (2017): 55, doi:10.1525/elementa.241. The interplay between sea ice concentration, sea ice roughness, ocean s...
Published in: | Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
University of California Press
2017
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/1912/9348 |
id |
ftwhoas:oai:darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org:1912/9348 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftwhoas:oai:darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org:1912/9348 2023-05-15T14:56:44+02:00 Ice and ocean velocity in the Arctic marginal ice zone : ice roughness and momentum transfer Cole, Sylvia T. Toole, John M. Lele, Ratnaksha Timmermans, Mary-Louise Gallaher, Shawn G. Stanton, Timothy P. Shaw, William J. Hwang, Byongjun Maksym, Ted Wilkinson, Jeremy P. Ortiz, Macarena Graber, Hans C. Rainville, Luc Petty, Alek A. Farrell, Sinéad L. Richter-Menge, Jackie A. Haas, Christian 2017-09-21 https://hdl.handle.net/1912/9348 en_US eng University of California Press https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.241 Elementa Science of the Anthropocene 5 (2017): 55 https://hdl.handle.net/1912/9348 doi:10.1525/elementa.241 Attribution 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ CC-BY Elementa Science of the Anthropocene 5 (2017): 55 doi:10.1525/elementa.241 Arctic ocean Ice-ocean boundary layer Momentum transfer Article 2017 ftwhoas https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.241 2022-05-28T23:00:02Z © The Author(s), 2017. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Elementa Science of the Anthropocene 5 (2017): 55, doi:10.1525/elementa.241. The interplay between sea ice concentration, sea ice roughness, ocean stratification, and momentum transfer to the ice and ocean is subject to seasonal and decadal variations that are crucial to understanding the present and future air-ice-ocean system in the Arctic. In this study, continuous observations in the Canada Basin from March through December 2014 were used to investigate spatial differences and temporal changes in under-ice roughness and momentum transfer as the ice cover evolved seasonally. Observations of wind, ice, and ocean properties from four clusters of drifting instrument systems were complemented by direct drill-hole measurements and instrumented overhead flights by NASA operation IceBridge in March, as well as satellite remote sensing imagery about the instrument clusters. Spatially, directly estimated ice-ocean drag coefficients varied by a factor of three with rougher ice associated with smaller multi-year ice floe sizes embedded within the first-year-ice/multi-year-ice conglomerate. Temporal differences in the ice-ocean drag coefficient of 20–30% were observed prior to the mixed layer shoaling in summer and were associated with ice concentrations falling below 100%. The ice-ocean drag coefficient parameterization was found to be invalid in September with low ice concentrations and small ice floe sizes. Maximum momentum transfer to the ice occurred for moderate ice concentrations, and transfer to the ocean for the lowest ice concentrations and shallowest stratification. Wind work and ocean work on the ice were the dominant terms in the kinetic energy budget of the ice throughout the melt season, consistent with free drift conditions. Overall, ice topography, ice concentration, and the shallow summer mixed layer all influenced mixed layer currents and the transfer ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Ocean canada basin Sea ice Woods Hole Scientific Community: WHOAS (Woods Hole Open Access Server) Arctic Arctic Ocean Canada Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene 5 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Woods Hole Scientific Community: WHOAS (Woods Hole Open Access Server) |
op_collection_id |
ftwhoas |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic ocean Ice-ocean boundary layer Momentum transfer |
spellingShingle |
Arctic ocean Ice-ocean boundary layer Momentum transfer Cole, Sylvia T. Toole, John M. Lele, Ratnaksha Timmermans, Mary-Louise Gallaher, Shawn G. Stanton, Timothy P. Shaw, William J. Hwang, Byongjun Maksym, Ted Wilkinson, Jeremy P. Ortiz, Macarena Graber, Hans C. Rainville, Luc Petty, Alek A. Farrell, Sinéad L. Richter-Menge, Jackie A. Haas, Christian Ice and ocean velocity in the Arctic marginal ice zone : ice roughness and momentum transfer |
topic_facet |
Arctic ocean Ice-ocean boundary layer Momentum transfer |
description |
© The Author(s), 2017. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Elementa Science of the Anthropocene 5 (2017): 55, doi:10.1525/elementa.241. The interplay between sea ice concentration, sea ice roughness, ocean stratification, and momentum transfer to the ice and ocean is subject to seasonal and decadal variations that are crucial to understanding the present and future air-ice-ocean system in the Arctic. In this study, continuous observations in the Canada Basin from March through December 2014 were used to investigate spatial differences and temporal changes in under-ice roughness and momentum transfer as the ice cover evolved seasonally. Observations of wind, ice, and ocean properties from four clusters of drifting instrument systems were complemented by direct drill-hole measurements and instrumented overhead flights by NASA operation IceBridge in March, as well as satellite remote sensing imagery about the instrument clusters. Spatially, directly estimated ice-ocean drag coefficients varied by a factor of three with rougher ice associated with smaller multi-year ice floe sizes embedded within the first-year-ice/multi-year-ice conglomerate. Temporal differences in the ice-ocean drag coefficient of 20–30% were observed prior to the mixed layer shoaling in summer and were associated with ice concentrations falling below 100%. The ice-ocean drag coefficient parameterization was found to be invalid in September with low ice concentrations and small ice floe sizes. Maximum momentum transfer to the ice occurred for moderate ice concentrations, and transfer to the ocean for the lowest ice concentrations and shallowest stratification. Wind work and ocean work on the ice were the dominant terms in the kinetic energy budget of the ice throughout the melt season, consistent with free drift conditions. Overall, ice topography, ice concentration, and the shallow summer mixed layer all influenced mixed layer currents and the transfer ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Cole, Sylvia T. Toole, John M. Lele, Ratnaksha Timmermans, Mary-Louise Gallaher, Shawn G. Stanton, Timothy P. Shaw, William J. Hwang, Byongjun Maksym, Ted Wilkinson, Jeremy P. Ortiz, Macarena Graber, Hans C. Rainville, Luc Petty, Alek A. Farrell, Sinéad L. Richter-Menge, Jackie A. Haas, Christian |
author_facet |
Cole, Sylvia T. Toole, John M. Lele, Ratnaksha Timmermans, Mary-Louise Gallaher, Shawn G. Stanton, Timothy P. Shaw, William J. Hwang, Byongjun Maksym, Ted Wilkinson, Jeremy P. Ortiz, Macarena Graber, Hans C. Rainville, Luc Petty, Alek A. Farrell, Sinéad L. Richter-Menge, Jackie A. Haas, Christian |
author_sort |
Cole, Sylvia T. |
title |
Ice and ocean velocity in the Arctic marginal ice zone : ice roughness and momentum transfer |
title_short |
Ice and ocean velocity in the Arctic marginal ice zone : ice roughness and momentum transfer |
title_full |
Ice and ocean velocity in the Arctic marginal ice zone : ice roughness and momentum transfer |
title_fullStr |
Ice and ocean velocity in the Arctic marginal ice zone : ice roughness and momentum transfer |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ice and ocean velocity in the Arctic marginal ice zone : ice roughness and momentum transfer |
title_sort |
ice and ocean velocity in the arctic marginal ice zone : ice roughness and momentum transfer |
publisher |
University of California Press |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/1912/9348 |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Canada |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Canada |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Ocean canada basin Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean canada basin Sea ice |
op_source |
Elementa Science of the Anthropocene 5 (2017): 55 doi:10.1525/elementa.241 |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.241 Elementa Science of the Anthropocene 5 (2017): 55 https://hdl.handle.net/1912/9348 doi:10.1525/elementa.241 |
op_rights |
Attribution 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.241 |
container_title |
Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene |
container_volume |
5 |
_version_ |
1766328819397951488 |