Seasonal succession of free-living bacterial communities in coastal waters of the Western Antarctic Peninsula

• Published in: Frontiers in Microbiology
• Main Authors: Luria, Catherine M., Amaral-Zettler, Linda A., Ducklow, Hugh W., Rich, Jeremy J.
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Frontiers Media 2016
• Subjects: 16S rRNA gene; Ecological succession; Antarctica; Bacterial production; Bacterial community composition; Polaribacter; Pelagibacter ubique (SAR11); Rhodobacteraceae; Antarctic; Antarctic Peninsula; Antarc*
• Online Access: https://hdl.handle.net/1912/8629

© The Author(s), 2016. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Frontiers in Microbiology 7 (2016): 1731, doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.01731. The marine ecosystem along the Western Antarctic Peninsula undergoes a dramatic seasonal transition every spring, from almost total darkness to almost continuous sunlight, resulting in a cascade of environmental changes, including phytoplankton blooms that support a highly productive food web. Despite having important implications for the movement of energy and materials through this ecosystem, little is known about how these changes impact bacterial succession in this region. Using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, we measured changes in free-living bacterial community composition and richness during a 9-month period that spanned winter to the end of summer. Chlorophyll a concentrations were relatively low until summer when a major phytoplankton bloom occurred, followed 3 weeks later by a high peak in bacterial production. Richness in bacterial communities varied between ~1,200 and 1,800 observed operational taxonomic units (OTUs) before the major phytoplankton bloom (out of ~43,000 sequences per sample). During peak bacterial production, OTU richness decreased to ~700 OTUs. The significant decrease in OTU richness only lasted a few weeks, after which time OTU richness increased again as bacterial production declined toward pre-bloom levels. OTU richness was negatively correlated with bacterial production and chlorophyll a concentrations. Unlike the temporal pattern in OTU richness, community composition changed from winter to spring, prior to onset of the summer phytoplankton bloom. Community composition continued to change during the phytoplankton bloom, with increased relative abundance of several taxa associated with phytoplankton blooms, particularly Polaribacter. Bacterial community composition began to revert toward pre-bloom conditions as bacterial production declined. Overall, ...