Variations of the global net air–sea heat flux during the “hiatus” period (2001–10)
Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2016. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Climate 29 (2016): 3647-3660, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0626.1. An assessment...
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ftwhoas:oai:darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org:1912/8066 2023-05-15T18:25:58+02:00 Variations of the global net air–sea heat flux during the “hiatus” period (2001–10) Liang, Xinfeng Yu, Lisan 2016-05-15 https://hdl.handle.net/1912/8066 en_US eng American Meteorological Society https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0626.1 Journal of Climate 29 (2016): 3647-3660 https://hdl.handle.net/1912/8066 doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0626.1 Journal of Climate 29 (2016): 3647-3660 doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0626.1 Physical Meteorology and Climatology Heat budgets/fluxes Surface fluxes Models and modeling Reanalysis data Variability Climate variability Interannual variability Seasonal variability Article 2016 ftwhoas https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0626.1 2022-05-28T22:59:36Z Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2016. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Climate 29 (2016): 3647-3660, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0626.1. An assessment is made of the mean and variability of the net air–sea heat flux, Qnet, from four products (ECCO, OAFlux–CERES, ERA-Interim, and NCEP1) over the global ice-free ocean from January 2001 to December 2010. For the 10-yr “hiatus” period, all products agree on an overall net heat gain over the global ice-free ocean, but the magnitude varies from 1.7 to 9.5 W m−2. The differences among products are particularly large in the Southern Ocean, where they cannot even agree on whether the region gains or loses heat on the annual mean basis. Decadal trends of Qnet differ significantly between products. ECCO and OAFlux–CERES show almost no trend, whereas ERA-Interim suggests a downward trend and NCEP1 shows an upward trend. Therefore, numerical simulations utilizing different surface flux forcing products will likely produce diverged trends of the ocean heat content during this period. The downward trend in ERA-Interim started from 2006, driven by a peculiar pattern change in the tropical regions. ECCO, which used ERA-Interim as initial surface forcings and is constrained by ocean dynamics and ocean observations, corrected the pattern. Among the four products, ECCO and OAFlux–CERES show great similarities in the examined spatial and temporal patterns. Given that the two estimates were obtained using different approaches and based on largely independent observations, these similarities are encouraging and instructive. It is more likely that the global net air–sea heat flux does not change much during the so-called hiatus period. This paper is funded in part by the NOAA Climate Observation Division, Climate Program Office, under Grant NA09OAR4320129 and by the NOAA MAPP Climate Reanalysis Task Force Team under Grant ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Southern Ocean Woods Hole Scientific Community: WHOAS (Woods Hole Open Access Server) Southern Ocean Journal of Climate 29 10 3647 3660 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Woods Hole Scientific Community: WHOAS (Woods Hole Open Access Server) |
op_collection_id |
ftwhoas |
language |
English |
topic |
Physical Meteorology and Climatology Heat budgets/fluxes Surface fluxes Models and modeling Reanalysis data Variability Climate variability Interannual variability Seasonal variability |
spellingShingle |
Physical Meteorology and Climatology Heat budgets/fluxes Surface fluxes Models and modeling Reanalysis data Variability Climate variability Interannual variability Seasonal variability Liang, Xinfeng Yu, Lisan Variations of the global net air–sea heat flux during the “hiatus” period (2001–10) |
topic_facet |
Physical Meteorology and Climatology Heat budgets/fluxes Surface fluxes Models and modeling Reanalysis data Variability Climate variability Interannual variability Seasonal variability |
description |
Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2016. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Climate 29 (2016): 3647-3660, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0626.1. An assessment is made of the mean and variability of the net air–sea heat flux, Qnet, from four products (ECCO, OAFlux–CERES, ERA-Interim, and NCEP1) over the global ice-free ocean from January 2001 to December 2010. For the 10-yr “hiatus” period, all products agree on an overall net heat gain over the global ice-free ocean, but the magnitude varies from 1.7 to 9.5 W m−2. The differences among products are particularly large in the Southern Ocean, where they cannot even agree on whether the region gains or loses heat on the annual mean basis. Decadal trends of Qnet differ significantly between products. ECCO and OAFlux–CERES show almost no trend, whereas ERA-Interim suggests a downward trend and NCEP1 shows an upward trend. Therefore, numerical simulations utilizing different surface flux forcing products will likely produce diverged trends of the ocean heat content during this period. The downward trend in ERA-Interim started from 2006, driven by a peculiar pattern change in the tropical regions. ECCO, which used ERA-Interim as initial surface forcings and is constrained by ocean dynamics and ocean observations, corrected the pattern. Among the four products, ECCO and OAFlux–CERES show great similarities in the examined spatial and temporal patterns. Given that the two estimates were obtained using different approaches and based on largely independent observations, these similarities are encouraging and instructive. It is more likely that the global net air–sea heat flux does not change much during the so-called hiatus period. This paper is funded in part by the NOAA Climate Observation Division, Climate Program Office, under Grant NA09OAR4320129 and by the NOAA MAPP Climate Reanalysis Task Force Team under Grant ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Liang, Xinfeng Yu, Lisan |
author_facet |
Liang, Xinfeng Yu, Lisan |
author_sort |
Liang, Xinfeng |
title |
Variations of the global net air–sea heat flux during the “hiatus” period (2001–10) |
title_short |
Variations of the global net air–sea heat flux during the “hiatus” period (2001–10) |
title_full |
Variations of the global net air–sea heat flux during the “hiatus” period (2001–10) |
title_fullStr |
Variations of the global net air–sea heat flux during the “hiatus” period (2001–10) |
title_full_unstemmed |
Variations of the global net air–sea heat flux during the “hiatus” period (2001–10) |
title_sort |
variations of the global net air–sea heat flux during the “hiatus” period (2001–10) |
publisher |
American Meteorological Society |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/1912/8066 |
geographic |
Southern Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Southern Ocean |
genre |
Southern Ocean |
genre_facet |
Southern Ocean |
op_source |
Journal of Climate 29 (2016): 3647-3660 doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0626.1 |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0626.1 Journal of Climate 29 (2016): 3647-3660 https://hdl.handle.net/1912/8066 doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0626.1 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0626.1 |
container_title |
Journal of Climate |
container_volume |
29 |
container_issue |
10 |
container_start_page |
3647 |
op_container_end_page |
3660 |
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1766207710283431936 |