Freshwater and its role in the Arctic Marine System : sources, disposition, storage, export, and physical and biogeochemical consequences in the Arctic and global oceans
© The Author(s), 2016. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 121 (2016): 675-717, doi:10.1002/2015JG003140. The Arctic Ocean is a fundamental node in the global...
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Language: | English |
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Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/1912/8041 |
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ftwhoas:oai:darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org:1912/8041 2023-05-15T14:31:26+02:00 Freshwater and its role in the Arctic Marine System : sources, disposition, storage, export, and physical and biogeochemical consequences in the Arctic and global oceans Carmack, Edward C. Yamamoto-Kawai, Michiyo Haine, Thomas W. N. Bacon, Sheldon Bluhm, Bodil A. Lique, Camille Melling, Humfrey Polyakov, Igor V. Straneo, Fiamma Timmermans, Mary-Louise Williams, William J. 2016-03-30 https://hdl.handle.net/1912/8041 en_US eng John Wiley & Sons https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JG003140 Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 121 (2016): 675-717 https://hdl.handle.net/1912/8041 doi:10.1002/2015JG003140 Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ CC-BY-NC-ND Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 121 (2016): 675-717 doi:10.1002/2015JG003140 Arctic Oceans Circulation Freshwater Carbon cycle Acidification Article 2016 ftwhoas https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JG003140 2022-05-28T22:59:34Z © The Author(s), 2016. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 121 (2016): 675-717, doi:10.1002/2015JG003140. The Arctic Ocean is a fundamental node in the global hydrological cycle and the ocean's thermohaline circulation. We here assess the system's key functions and processes: (1) the delivery of fresh and low-salinity waters to the Arctic Ocean by river inflow, net precipitation, distillation during the freeze/thaw cycle, and Pacific Ocean inflows; (2) the disposition (e.g., sources, pathways, and storage) of freshwater components within the Arctic Ocean; and (3) the release and export of freshwater components into the bordering convective domains of the North Atlantic. We then examine physical, chemical, or biological processes which are influenced or constrained by the local quantities and geochemical qualities of freshwater; these include stratification and vertical mixing, ocean heat flux, nutrient supply, primary production, ocean acidification, and biogeochemical cycling. Internal to the Arctic the joint effects of sea ice decline and hydrological cycle intensification have strengthened coupling between the ocean and the atmosphere (e.g., wind and ice drift stresses, solar radiation, and heat and moisture exchange), the bordering drainage basins (e.g., river discharge, sediment transport, and erosion), and terrestrial ecosystems (e.g., Arctic greening, dissolved and particulate carbon loading, and altered phenology of biotic components). External to the Arctic freshwater export acts as both a constraint to and a necessary ingredient for deep convection in the bordering subarctic gyres and thus affects the global thermohaline circulation. Geochemical fingerprints attained within the Arctic Ocean are likewise exported into the neighboring subarctic systems and beyond. Finally, we discuss observed and modeled functions and changes in this system on seasonal, annual, ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Greening Arctic Arctic Ocean North Atlantic Ocean acidification Sea ice Subarctic Woods Hole Scientific Community: WHOAS (Woods Hole Open Access Server) Arctic Arctic Ocean Pacific Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 121 3 675 717 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Woods Hole Scientific Community: WHOAS (Woods Hole Open Access Server) |
op_collection_id |
ftwhoas |
language |
English |
topic |
Arctic Oceans Circulation Freshwater Carbon cycle Acidification |
spellingShingle |
Arctic Oceans Circulation Freshwater Carbon cycle Acidification Carmack, Edward C. Yamamoto-Kawai, Michiyo Haine, Thomas W. N. Bacon, Sheldon Bluhm, Bodil A. Lique, Camille Melling, Humfrey Polyakov, Igor V. Straneo, Fiamma Timmermans, Mary-Louise Williams, William J. Freshwater and its role in the Arctic Marine System : sources, disposition, storage, export, and physical and biogeochemical consequences in the Arctic and global oceans |
topic_facet |
Arctic Oceans Circulation Freshwater Carbon cycle Acidification |
description |
© The Author(s), 2016. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 121 (2016): 675-717, doi:10.1002/2015JG003140. The Arctic Ocean is a fundamental node in the global hydrological cycle and the ocean's thermohaline circulation. We here assess the system's key functions and processes: (1) the delivery of fresh and low-salinity waters to the Arctic Ocean by river inflow, net precipitation, distillation during the freeze/thaw cycle, and Pacific Ocean inflows; (2) the disposition (e.g., sources, pathways, and storage) of freshwater components within the Arctic Ocean; and (3) the release and export of freshwater components into the bordering convective domains of the North Atlantic. We then examine physical, chemical, or biological processes which are influenced or constrained by the local quantities and geochemical qualities of freshwater; these include stratification and vertical mixing, ocean heat flux, nutrient supply, primary production, ocean acidification, and biogeochemical cycling. Internal to the Arctic the joint effects of sea ice decline and hydrological cycle intensification have strengthened coupling between the ocean and the atmosphere (e.g., wind and ice drift stresses, solar radiation, and heat and moisture exchange), the bordering drainage basins (e.g., river discharge, sediment transport, and erosion), and terrestrial ecosystems (e.g., Arctic greening, dissolved and particulate carbon loading, and altered phenology of biotic components). External to the Arctic freshwater export acts as both a constraint to and a necessary ingredient for deep convection in the bordering subarctic gyres and thus affects the global thermohaline circulation. Geochemical fingerprints attained within the Arctic Ocean are likewise exported into the neighboring subarctic systems and beyond. Finally, we discuss observed and modeled functions and changes in this system on seasonal, annual, ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Carmack, Edward C. Yamamoto-Kawai, Michiyo Haine, Thomas W. N. Bacon, Sheldon Bluhm, Bodil A. Lique, Camille Melling, Humfrey Polyakov, Igor V. Straneo, Fiamma Timmermans, Mary-Louise Williams, William J. |
author_facet |
Carmack, Edward C. Yamamoto-Kawai, Michiyo Haine, Thomas W. N. Bacon, Sheldon Bluhm, Bodil A. Lique, Camille Melling, Humfrey Polyakov, Igor V. Straneo, Fiamma Timmermans, Mary-Louise Williams, William J. |
author_sort |
Carmack, Edward C. |
title |
Freshwater and its role in the Arctic Marine System : sources, disposition, storage, export, and physical and biogeochemical consequences in the Arctic and global oceans |
title_short |
Freshwater and its role in the Arctic Marine System : sources, disposition, storage, export, and physical and biogeochemical consequences in the Arctic and global oceans |
title_full |
Freshwater and its role in the Arctic Marine System : sources, disposition, storage, export, and physical and biogeochemical consequences in the Arctic and global oceans |
title_fullStr |
Freshwater and its role in the Arctic Marine System : sources, disposition, storage, export, and physical and biogeochemical consequences in the Arctic and global oceans |
title_full_unstemmed |
Freshwater and its role in the Arctic Marine System : sources, disposition, storage, export, and physical and biogeochemical consequences in the Arctic and global oceans |
title_sort |
freshwater and its role in the arctic marine system : sources, disposition, storage, export, and physical and biogeochemical consequences in the arctic and global oceans |
publisher |
John Wiley & Sons |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/1912/8041 |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Pacific |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Pacific |
genre |
Arctic Greening Arctic Arctic Ocean North Atlantic Ocean acidification Sea ice Subarctic |
genre_facet |
Arctic Greening Arctic Arctic Ocean North Atlantic Ocean acidification Sea ice Subarctic |
op_source |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 121 (2016): 675-717 doi:10.1002/2015JG003140 |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JG003140 Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 121 (2016): 675-717 https://hdl.handle.net/1912/8041 doi:10.1002/2015JG003140 |
op_rights |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY-NC-ND |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JG003140 |
container_title |
Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences |
container_volume |
121 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
675 |
op_container_end_page |
717 |
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1766305063481901056 |