The surface-forced overturning of the North Atlantic : estimates from modern era atmospheric reanalysis datasets
Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2014. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Climate 27 (2014): 3596–3618, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00070.1. Estimates of...
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ftwhoas:oai:darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org:1912/6712 2023-05-15T17:32:36+02:00 The surface-forced overturning of the North Atlantic : estimates from modern era atmospheric reanalysis datasets Grist, Jeremy P. Josey, Simon A. Marsh, Robert Kwon, Young-Oh Bingham, Rory J. Blaker, Adam T. 2014-05-15 application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/1912/6712 en_US eng American Meteorological Society https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00070.1 Journal of Climate 27 (2014): 3596–3618 https://hdl.handle.net/1912/6712 doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00070.1 Journal of Climate 27 (2014): 3596–3618 doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00070.1 Atmosphere-ocean interaction Meridional overturning circulation Ocean circulation Article 2014 ftwhoas https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00070.1 2022-05-28T22:59:07Z Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2014. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Climate 27 (2014): 3596–3618, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00070.1. Estimates of the recent mean and time varying water mass transformation rates associated with North Atlantic surface-forced overturning are presented. The estimates are derived from heat and freshwater surface fluxes and sea surface temperature fields from six atmospheric reanalyses—the Japanese 25-yr Reanalysis (JRA), the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis (NCEP1), the NCEP–U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) reanalysis (NCEP2), the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Interim Re-Analysis (ERA-I), the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), and the Modern-Era Reanalysis for Research and Applications (MERRA)—together with sea surface salinity fields from two globally gridded datasets (World Ocean Atlas and Met Office EN3 datasets). The resulting 12 estimates of the 1979–2007 mean surface-forced streamfunction all depict a subpolar cell, with maxima north of 45°N, near σ = 27.5 kg m−3, and a subtropical cell between 20° and 40°N, near σ = 26.1 kg m−3. The mean magnitude of the subpolar cell varies between 12 and 18 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1), consistent with estimates of the overturning circulation from subsurface observations. Analysis of the thermal and haline components of the surface density fluxes indicates that large differences in the inferred low-latitude circulation are largely a result of the biases in reanalysis net heat flux fields, which range in the global mean from −13 to 19 W m−2. The different estimates of temporal variability in the subpolar cell are well correlated with each other. This suggests that the uncertainty associated with the choice of reanalysis product does not critically limit the ability of the method to infer the variability in the subpolar overturning. In contrast, the different estimates of ... Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic Woods Hole Scientific Community: WHOAS (Woods Hole Open Access Server) Merra ENVELOPE(12.615,12.615,65.816,65.816) Journal of Climate 27 10 3596 3618 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Woods Hole Scientific Community: WHOAS (Woods Hole Open Access Server) |
op_collection_id |
ftwhoas |
language |
English |
topic |
Atmosphere-ocean interaction Meridional overturning circulation Ocean circulation |
spellingShingle |
Atmosphere-ocean interaction Meridional overturning circulation Ocean circulation Grist, Jeremy P. Josey, Simon A. Marsh, Robert Kwon, Young-Oh Bingham, Rory J. Blaker, Adam T. The surface-forced overturning of the North Atlantic : estimates from modern era atmospheric reanalysis datasets |
topic_facet |
Atmosphere-ocean interaction Meridional overturning circulation Ocean circulation |
description |
Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2014. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Climate 27 (2014): 3596–3618, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00070.1. Estimates of the recent mean and time varying water mass transformation rates associated with North Atlantic surface-forced overturning are presented. The estimates are derived from heat and freshwater surface fluxes and sea surface temperature fields from six atmospheric reanalyses—the Japanese 25-yr Reanalysis (JRA), the NCEP–NCAR reanalysis (NCEP1), the NCEP–U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) reanalysis (NCEP2), the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Interim Re-Analysis (ERA-I), the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR), and the Modern-Era Reanalysis for Research and Applications (MERRA)—together with sea surface salinity fields from two globally gridded datasets (World Ocean Atlas and Met Office EN3 datasets). The resulting 12 estimates of the 1979–2007 mean surface-forced streamfunction all depict a subpolar cell, with maxima north of 45°N, near σ = 27.5 kg m−3, and a subtropical cell between 20° and 40°N, near σ = 26.1 kg m−3. The mean magnitude of the subpolar cell varies between 12 and 18 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1), consistent with estimates of the overturning circulation from subsurface observations. Analysis of the thermal and haline components of the surface density fluxes indicates that large differences in the inferred low-latitude circulation are largely a result of the biases in reanalysis net heat flux fields, which range in the global mean from −13 to 19 W m−2. The different estimates of temporal variability in the subpolar cell are well correlated with each other. This suggests that the uncertainty associated with the choice of reanalysis product does not critically limit the ability of the method to infer the variability in the subpolar overturning. In contrast, the different estimates of ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Grist, Jeremy P. Josey, Simon A. Marsh, Robert Kwon, Young-Oh Bingham, Rory J. Blaker, Adam T. |
author_facet |
Grist, Jeremy P. Josey, Simon A. Marsh, Robert Kwon, Young-Oh Bingham, Rory J. Blaker, Adam T. |
author_sort |
Grist, Jeremy P. |
title |
The surface-forced overturning of the North Atlantic : estimates from modern era atmospheric reanalysis datasets |
title_short |
The surface-forced overturning of the North Atlantic : estimates from modern era atmospheric reanalysis datasets |
title_full |
The surface-forced overturning of the North Atlantic : estimates from modern era atmospheric reanalysis datasets |
title_fullStr |
The surface-forced overturning of the North Atlantic : estimates from modern era atmospheric reanalysis datasets |
title_full_unstemmed |
The surface-forced overturning of the North Atlantic : estimates from modern era atmospheric reanalysis datasets |
title_sort |
surface-forced overturning of the north atlantic : estimates from modern era atmospheric reanalysis datasets |
publisher |
American Meteorological Society |
publishDate |
2014 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/1912/6712 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(12.615,12.615,65.816,65.816) |
geographic |
Merra |
geographic_facet |
Merra |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_source |
Journal of Climate 27 (2014): 3596–3618 doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00070.1 |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00070.1 Journal of Climate 27 (2014): 3596–3618 https://hdl.handle.net/1912/6712 doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00070.1 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00070.1 |
container_title |
Journal of Climate |
container_volume |
27 |
container_issue |
10 |
container_start_page |
3596 |
op_container_end_page |
3618 |
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1766130805551136768 |