An assessment of the Atlantic and Arctic sea–air CO2 fluxes, 1990–2009
© The Author(s), 2013. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Biogeosciences 10 (2013): 607-627, doi:10.5194/bg-10-607-2013. The Atlantic and Arctic Oceans are critical components of the global carbon cycle. He...
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ftwhoas:oai:darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org:1912/5799 2023-05-15T14:50:10+02:00 An assessment of the Atlantic and Arctic sea–air CO2 fluxes, 1990–2009 Schuster, Ute McKinley, Galen A. Bates, Nicholas R. Chevallier, Frédéric Doney, Scott C. Fay, A. R. Gonzalez-Davila, M. Gruber, Nicolas Jones, S. Krijnen, J. Landschutzer, Peter Lefevre, N. Manizza, Manfredi Mathis, Jeremy T. Metzl, Nicolas Olsen, Are Rios, Aida F. Rodenbeck, C. Santana-Casiano, J. M. Takahashi, Taro Wanninkhof, Rik Watson, Andrew J. 2013-01-29 application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/1912/5799 en eng Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-607-2013 Biogeosciences 10 (2013): 607-627 https://hdl.handle.net/1912/5799 doi:10.5194/bg-10-607-2013 Attribution 3.0 Unported http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ CC-BY Biogeosciences 10 (2013): 607-627 doi:10.5194/bg-10-607-2013 Article 2013 ftwhoas https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-607-2013 2022-05-28T22:58:47Z © The Author(s), 2013. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Biogeosciences 10 (2013): 607-627, doi:10.5194/bg-10-607-2013. The Atlantic and Arctic Oceans are critical components of the global carbon cycle. Here we quantify the net sea–air CO2 flux, for the first time, across different methodologies for consistent time and space scales for the Atlantic and Arctic basins. We present the long-term mean, seasonal cycle, interannual variability and trends in sea–air CO2 flux for the period 1990 to 2009, and assign an uncertainty to each. We use regional cuts from global observations and modeling products, specifically a pCO2-based CO2 flux climatology, flux estimates from the inversion of oceanic and atmospheric data, and results from six ocean biogeochemical models. Additionally, we use basin-wide flux estimates from surface ocean pCO2 observations based on two distinct methodologies. Our estimate of the contemporary sea–air flux of CO2 (sum of anthropogenic and natural components) by the Atlantic between 40° S and 79° N is −0.49 ± 0.05 Pg C yr−1, and by the Arctic it is −0.12 ± 0.06 Pg C yr−1, leading to a combined sea–air flux of −0.61 ± 0.06 Pg C yr−1 for the two decades (negative reflects ocean uptake). We do find broad agreement amongst methodologies with respect to the seasonal cycle in the subtropics of both hemispheres, but not elsewhere. Agreement with respect to detailed signals of interannual variability is poor, and correlations to the North Atlantic Oscillation are weaker in the North Atlantic and Arctic than in the equatorial region and southern subtropics. Linear trends for 1995 to 2009 indicate increased uptake and generally correspond between methodologies in the North Atlantic, but there is disagreement amongst methodologies in the equatorial region and southern subtropics. U. Schuster has been supported by EU grants IP 511176-2 (CARBOOCEAN), 212196 (COCOS), and 264879 (CARBOCHANGE), and UK NERC grant ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation Woods Hole Scientific Community: WHOAS (Woods Hole Open Access Server) Arctic Biogeosciences 10 1 607 627 |
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Woods Hole Scientific Community: WHOAS (Woods Hole Open Access Server) |
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ftwhoas |
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English |
description |
© The Author(s), 2013. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Biogeosciences 10 (2013): 607-627, doi:10.5194/bg-10-607-2013. The Atlantic and Arctic Oceans are critical components of the global carbon cycle. Here we quantify the net sea–air CO2 flux, for the first time, across different methodologies for consistent time and space scales for the Atlantic and Arctic basins. We present the long-term mean, seasonal cycle, interannual variability and trends in sea–air CO2 flux for the period 1990 to 2009, and assign an uncertainty to each. We use regional cuts from global observations and modeling products, specifically a pCO2-based CO2 flux climatology, flux estimates from the inversion of oceanic and atmospheric data, and results from six ocean biogeochemical models. Additionally, we use basin-wide flux estimates from surface ocean pCO2 observations based on two distinct methodologies. Our estimate of the contemporary sea–air flux of CO2 (sum of anthropogenic and natural components) by the Atlantic between 40° S and 79° N is −0.49 ± 0.05 Pg C yr−1, and by the Arctic it is −0.12 ± 0.06 Pg C yr−1, leading to a combined sea–air flux of −0.61 ± 0.06 Pg C yr−1 for the two decades (negative reflects ocean uptake). We do find broad agreement amongst methodologies with respect to the seasonal cycle in the subtropics of both hemispheres, but not elsewhere. Agreement with respect to detailed signals of interannual variability is poor, and correlations to the North Atlantic Oscillation are weaker in the North Atlantic and Arctic than in the equatorial region and southern subtropics. Linear trends for 1995 to 2009 indicate increased uptake and generally correspond between methodologies in the North Atlantic, but there is disagreement amongst methodologies in the equatorial region and southern subtropics. U. Schuster has been supported by EU grants IP 511176-2 (CARBOOCEAN), 212196 (COCOS), and 264879 (CARBOCHANGE), and UK NERC grant ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Schuster, Ute McKinley, Galen A. Bates, Nicholas R. Chevallier, Frédéric Doney, Scott C. Fay, A. R. Gonzalez-Davila, M. Gruber, Nicolas Jones, S. Krijnen, J. Landschutzer, Peter Lefevre, N. Manizza, Manfredi Mathis, Jeremy T. Metzl, Nicolas Olsen, Are Rios, Aida F. Rodenbeck, C. Santana-Casiano, J. M. Takahashi, Taro Wanninkhof, Rik Watson, Andrew J. |
spellingShingle |
Schuster, Ute McKinley, Galen A. Bates, Nicholas R. Chevallier, Frédéric Doney, Scott C. Fay, A. R. Gonzalez-Davila, M. Gruber, Nicolas Jones, S. Krijnen, J. Landschutzer, Peter Lefevre, N. Manizza, Manfredi Mathis, Jeremy T. Metzl, Nicolas Olsen, Are Rios, Aida F. Rodenbeck, C. Santana-Casiano, J. M. Takahashi, Taro Wanninkhof, Rik Watson, Andrew J. An assessment of the Atlantic and Arctic sea–air CO2 fluxes, 1990–2009 |
author_facet |
Schuster, Ute McKinley, Galen A. Bates, Nicholas R. Chevallier, Frédéric Doney, Scott C. Fay, A. R. Gonzalez-Davila, M. Gruber, Nicolas Jones, S. Krijnen, J. Landschutzer, Peter Lefevre, N. Manizza, Manfredi Mathis, Jeremy T. Metzl, Nicolas Olsen, Are Rios, Aida F. Rodenbeck, C. Santana-Casiano, J. M. Takahashi, Taro Wanninkhof, Rik Watson, Andrew J. |
author_sort |
Schuster, Ute |
title |
An assessment of the Atlantic and Arctic sea–air CO2 fluxes, 1990–2009 |
title_short |
An assessment of the Atlantic and Arctic sea–air CO2 fluxes, 1990–2009 |
title_full |
An assessment of the Atlantic and Arctic sea–air CO2 fluxes, 1990–2009 |
title_fullStr |
An assessment of the Atlantic and Arctic sea–air CO2 fluxes, 1990–2009 |
title_full_unstemmed |
An assessment of the Atlantic and Arctic sea–air CO2 fluxes, 1990–2009 |
title_sort |
assessment of the atlantic and arctic sea–air co2 fluxes, 1990–2009 |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union |
publishDate |
2013 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/1912/5799 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation |
genre_facet |
Arctic North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation |
op_source |
Biogeosciences 10 (2013): 607-627 doi:10.5194/bg-10-607-2013 |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-607-2013 Biogeosciences 10 (2013): 607-627 https://hdl.handle.net/1912/5799 doi:10.5194/bg-10-607-2013 |
op_rights |
Attribution 3.0 Unported http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-607-2013 |
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Biogeosciences |
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10 |
container_issue |
1 |
container_start_page |
607 |
op_container_end_page |
627 |
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1766321217055227904 |