A search for layering in the oceanic crust

• Main Author: Collins, John A.
• Format: Thesis
• Language: English
• Published: Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 1988
• Subjects: Structural geology; Crust; Mantle; Robert D. Conrad (Ship) Cruise RC2606; North Atlantic
• Online Access: https://hdl.handle.net/1912/5453

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution October 1988 The results of numerous seismic refraction and reflection experiments have shown that the seismic structure of the oceanic crust can be usefully parameterized by a small number of locally horizontal layers within which the rates of change of velocity and impedance as a function of depth are approximately constant. Layer boundaries are defined by changes in velocity and/or impedance gradient. This dissertation discusses the structure of seismic layer boundaries within the oceanic crust, and investigates the relationships between the seismic characteristics of these boundaries and the geological structure of the crust. The seismic signature of the crust/mantle boundary (Moho) is a prominent event on multichannel seismic (MCS) reflection data. In the Western North Atlantic, the character of the Moho reflection event varies from a single well-defined phase to a more complex event consisting of two or more overlapping phases of up to 1.0 s total duration. In Chapter 1 of this dissertation, the geological structures generating Moho reflections are investigated by calculating synthetic reflection profiles for three laterally varying velocity models totaling 64 km in length. These velocity models were derived from the observed distribution of lithologies that comprise the inferred fossil crust/mantle transition found in the Bay of Islands Ophiolite. Along the synthetic profiles, the Moho reflection is characterized by both single-phase and multi-phase events, the geometry and durations of the latter being similar to those observed on MCS data from the Western North Atlantic. In addition, the lateral variation in Moho travel time, up to 0.25 s over distances of less than 10 km, is similar to that observed on MCS data. The similarities between the observed and synthetic data suggest that the complicated interlayered sequences of ...