Experimental studies of melting and crystallization processes in planetary interiors
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution September 2011 Melting and crystallization processes on the Earth and Moon are explored in this thesis, and the topics...
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
2011
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ftwhoas:oai:darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org:1912/4837 2023-05-15T16:27:19+02:00 Experimental studies of melting and crystallization processes in planetary interiors Krawczynski, Michael J. Greenland Mt. Shasta, CA 2011-09 application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/1912/4837 en_US eng Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution WHOI Theses https://hdl.handle.net/1912/4837 doi:10.1575/1912/4837 doi:10.1575/1912/4837 Crystallization of water Magmas Thesis 2011 ftwhoas https://doi.org/10.1575/1912/4837 2022-05-28T22:58:27Z Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution September 2011 Melting and crystallization processes on the Earth and Moon are explored in this thesis, and the topics of melt generation, transport, and crystallization are discussed in three distinct geologic environments: the Moon's mantle, the Greenland ice sheet, and the Earth's crust. Experiments have been conducted to determine the conditions of origin for two high-titanium magmas from the Moon. The lunar experiments (Chapter 2) were designed to explore the e ects of variable oxygen fugacity (fO2) on the high pressure and high temperature crystallization of olivine and orthopyroxene in high-Ti magmas. The results of these experiments showed that the source regions for the high-Ti lunar magmas are distributed both laterally and vertically within the lunar mantle, and that it is critical to estimate the pre-eruptive oxygen fugacity in order to determine true depth of origin for these magmas within the lunar mantle. Chapter 3 models the behavior of water ow through the Greenland ice sheet driven by hydrofracture of water through ice. The results show that melt water in the ablation zone of Greenland has almost immediate access to the base of the ice sheet in areas with up two kilometers of ice. Chapter 4 is an experimental study of two hydrous high-silica mantle melts from the Mt. Shasta, CA region. Crystallization is simulated at H2O saturated conditions at all crustal depths, and a new geobarometerhygrometer based on amphibole magnesium number is calibrated. In Chapter 5 I use the new barometer to study a suite of ma c enclaves from the Mt. Shasta region, and apply it to amphiboles in these enclaves. Evidence for pre-eruptive H2O contents of up to 14 wt% is presented, and bulk chemical analyses of the inclusions are used to show that extensive magma mixing has occurred at all crustal depths up to 35km beneath Mt. Shasta. Thesis Greenland Ice Sheet Woods Hole Scientific Community: WHOAS (Woods Hole Open Access Server) Greenland Woods Hole, MA |
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Open Polar |
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Woods Hole Scientific Community: WHOAS (Woods Hole Open Access Server) |
op_collection_id |
ftwhoas |
language |
English |
topic |
Crystallization of water Magmas |
spellingShingle |
Crystallization of water Magmas Krawczynski, Michael J. Experimental studies of melting and crystallization processes in planetary interiors |
topic_facet |
Crystallization of water Magmas |
description |
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution September 2011 Melting and crystallization processes on the Earth and Moon are explored in this thesis, and the topics of melt generation, transport, and crystallization are discussed in three distinct geologic environments: the Moon's mantle, the Greenland ice sheet, and the Earth's crust. Experiments have been conducted to determine the conditions of origin for two high-titanium magmas from the Moon. The lunar experiments (Chapter 2) were designed to explore the e ects of variable oxygen fugacity (fO2) on the high pressure and high temperature crystallization of olivine and orthopyroxene in high-Ti magmas. The results of these experiments showed that the source regions for the high-Ti lunar magmas are distributed both laterally and vertically within the lunar mantle, and that it is critical to estimate the pre-eruptive oxygen fugacity in order to determine true depth of origin for these magmas within the lunar mantle. Chapter 3 models the behavior of water ow through the Greenland ice sheet driven by hydrofracture of water through ice. The results show that melt water in the ablation zone of Greenland has almost immediate access to the base of the ice sheet in areas with up two kilometers of ice. Chapter 4 is an experimental study of two hydrous high-silica mantle melts from the Mt. Shasta, CA region. Crystallization is simulated at H2O saturated conditions at all crustal depths, and a new geobarometerhygrometer based on amphibole magnesium number is calibrated. In Chapter 5 I use the new barometer to study a suite of ma c enclaves from the Mt. Shasta region, and apply it to amphiboles in these enclaves. Evidence for pre-eruptive H2O contents of up to 14 wt% is presented, and bulk chemical analyses of the inclusions are used to show that extensive magma mixing has occurred at all crustal depths up to 35km beneath Mt. Shasta. |
format |
Thesis |
author |
Krawczynski, Michael J. |
author_facet |
Krawczynski, Michael J. |
author_sort |
Krawczynski, Michael J. |
title |
Experimental studies of melting and crystallization processes in planetary interiors |
title_short |
Experimental studies of melting and crystallization processes in planetary interiors |
title_full |
Experimental studies of melting and crystallization processes in planetary interiors |
title_fullStr |
Experimental studies of melting and crystallization processes in planetary interiors |
title_full_unstemmed |
Experimental studies of melting and crystallization processes in planetary interiors |
title_sort |
experimental studies of melting and crystallization processes in planetary interiors |
publisher |
Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution |
publishDate |
2011 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/1912/4837 |
op_coverage |
Greenland Mt. Shasta, CA |
geographic |
Greenland |
geographic_facet |
Greenland |
genre |
Greenland Ice Sheet |
genre_facet |
Greenland Ice Sheet |
op_source |
doi:10.1575/1912/4837 |
op_relation |
WHOI Theses https://hdl.handle.net/1912/4837 doi:10.1575/1912/4837 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1575/1912/4837 |
op_publisher_place |
Woods Hole, MA |
_version_ |
1766016451580264448 |