Whale distribution in relation to prey abundance and oceanographic processes in shelf waters of the Western Antarctic Peninsula

• Published in: Marine Ecology Progress Series
• Main Authors: Friedlaender, Ari S., Halpin, Patrick N., Qian, Song S., Lawson, Gareth L., Wiebe, Peter H., Thiele, Deb, Read, Andrew J.
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: Inter-Research 2006
• Subjects: Whale distribution; Zooplankton; Ice edge; Antarctica; SO GLOBEC; CART; GAM; Antarctic; Southern Ocean; Antarctic Peninsula; Marguerite; Marguerite Bay; Gam; Antarc*; baleen whales; Megaptera novaeangliae
• Online Access: https://hdl.handle.net/1912/4498

Author Posting. © Inter-Research, 2006. This article is posted here by permission of Inter-Research for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Marine Ecology Progress Series 317 (2006): 297-310, doi:10.3354/meps317297. The Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) is a biologically rich area supporting large standing stocks of krill and top predators (including whales, seals and seabirds). Physical forcing greatly affects productivity, recruitment, survival and distribution of krill in this area. In turn, such interactions are likely to affect the distribution of baleen whales. The Southern Ocean GLOBEC research program aims to explore the relationships and interactions between the environment, krill and predators around Marguerite Bay (WAP) in autumn 2001 and 2002. Bathymetric and environmental variables including acoustic backscattering as an indicator of prey abundance were used to model whale distribution patterns. We used an iterative approach employing (1) classification and regression tree (CART) models to identify oceanographic and ecological variables contributing to variability in humpback Megaptera novaeangliae and minke Balaenoptera acutorstrata whale distribution, and (2) generalized additive models (GAMs) to elucidate functional ecological relationships between these variables and whale distribution. The CART models indicated that the cetacean distribution was tightly coupled with zooplankton acoustic volume backscatter in the upper (25 to 100 m), and middle (100 to 300 m) portions of the water column. Whale distribution was also related to distance from the ice edge and bathymetric slope. The GAMs indicated a persistent, strong, positive relationship between increasing zooplankton volume and whale relative abundance. Furthermore, there was a lower limit for averaged acoustic volume backscatter of zooplankton below which the relationship between whales and prey was not significant. The GAMs also supported an annual relationship between whale distribution, distance ...