Modern sedimentation in the Northern Barents Sea : input, dipersal and deposition of suspended sediments from glacial meltwater
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution August 1984 The modern depositional environment of the northern epicontinental Barents Sea varies from proximal to dis...
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
1984
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ftwhoas:oai:darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org:1912/3985 2023-05-15T15:38:40+02:00 Modern sedimentation in the Northern Barents Sea : input, dipersal and deposition of suspended sediments from glacial meltwater Pfirman, Stephanie L. Barents Sea 1984-08 application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/1912/3985 en_US eng Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution WHOI Theses https://hdl.handle.net/1912/3985 doi:10.1575/1912/3985 doi:10.1575/1912/3985 Sediments Hydrography Lance (Ship) Cruise Thesis 1984 ftwhoas https://doi.org/10.1575/1912/3985 2022-05-28T22:58:09Z Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution August 1984 The modern depositional environment of the northern epicontinental Barents Sea varies from proximal to distal glaciomarine. The regional surface sediment distribution is controlled by erosion of shallow banks of the Pleistocene glaciated surface, with the fine material deposited in the deep basins. Near-bottom nepheloid layers are often observed indicating that fine grained sediments are being transported under present conditions. Minor additional sediment is supplied by iceberg rafting englacial material and sea-ice containing aeolian, resuspended, and beach sediments. Glacial flour is supplied by several large stable meltwater outflow locations along the ice front. Because the water is fresh and nearly the same temperature as the ambient coastal water, it is bouyant. Although the traction load deposits as the meltwater plume rises to the sea surface, sand (as well as finer material) may be suspended. This material deposits from suspension at some distance from the discharge location (dependent on both the sediment settling velocity and the velocity of the ambient coastal water, resulting in well-sorted deposits near the outflow location). Most of the sediment in suspension is observed to deposit within a 5km radius of the outflow location, and suspended matter samples obtained 18km offshore were at background levels. However, meltwater plumes can often be observed in the surface water (in satellite photographs) at distances of 30km downstream, indicating transport of glacial sediments along the ice front. Near the Nordaustlandet glacier front surface sediments are disturbed by glaciers advances and retreats which mechanically rework the sediment surface. The southwestern portion of the glacier front, Brasvellbreen, surged 18km between 1936 and 1938. An end moraine was deposited at the maximum extent of the surge. The ... Thesis Barents Sea Nordaustlandet Sea ice Woods Hole Scientific Community: WHOAS (Woods Hole Open Access Server) Barents Sea Nordaustlandet ENVELOPE(22.400,22.400,79.800,79.800) Woods Hole, MA |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Woods Hole Scientific Community: WHOAS (Woods Hole Open Access Server) |
op_collection_id |
ftwhoas |
language |
English |
topic |
Sediments Hydrography Lance (Ship) Cruise |
spellingShingle |
Sediments Hydrography Lance (Ship) Cruise Pfirman, Stephanie L. Modern sedimentation in the Northern Barents Sea : input, dipersal and deposition of suspended sediments from glacial meltwater |
topic_facet |
Sediments Hydrography Lance (Ship) Cruise |
description |
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution August 1984 The modern depositional environment of the northern epicontinental Barents Sea varies from proximal to distal glaciomarine. The regional surface sediment distribution is controlled by erosion of shallow banks of the Pleistocene glaciated surface, with the fine material deposited in the deep basins. Near-bottom nepheloid layers are often observed indicating that fine grained sediments are being transported under present conditions. Minor additional sediment is supplied by iceberg rafting englacial material and sea-ice containing aeolian, resuspended, and beach sediments. Glacial flour is supplied by several large stable meltwater outflow locations along the ice front. Because the water is fresh and nearly the same temperature as the ambient coastal water, it is bouyant. Although the traction load deposits as the meltwater plume rises to the sea surface, sand (as well as finer material) may be suspended. This material deposits from suspension at some distance from the discharge location (dependent on both the sediment settling velocity and the velocity of the ambient coastal water, resulting in well-sorted deposits near the outflow location). Most of the sediment in suspension is observed to deposit within a 5km radius of the outflow location, and suspended matter samples obtained 18km offshore were at background levels. However, meltwater plumes can often be observed in the surface water (in satellite photographs) at distances of 30km downstream, indicating transport of glacial sediments along the ice front. Near the Nordaustlandet glacier front surface sediments are disturbed by glaciers advances and retreats which mechanically rework the sediment surface. The southwestern portion of the glacier front, Brasvellbreen, surged 18km between 1936 and 1938. An end moraine was deposited at the maximum extent of the surge. The ... |
format |
Thesis |
author |
Pfirman, Stephanie L. |
author_facet |
Pfirman, Stephanie L. |
author_sort |
Pfirman, Stephanie L. |
title |
Modern sedimentation in the Northern Barents Sea : input, dipersal and deposition of suspended sediments from glacial meltwater |
title_short |
Modern sedimentation in the Northern Barents Sea : input, dipersal and deposition of suspended sediments from glacial meltwater |
title_full |
Modern sedimentation in the Northern Barents Sea : input, dipersal and deposition of suspended sediments from glacial meltwater |
title_fullStr |
Modern sedimentation in the Northern Barents Sea : input, dipersal and deposition of suspended sediments from glacial meltwater |
title_full_unstemmed |
Modern sedimentation in the Northern Barents Sea : input, dipersal and deposition of suspended sediments from glacial meltwater |
title_sort |
modern sedimentation in the northern barents sea : input, dipersal and deposition of suspended sediments from glacial meltwater |
publisher |
Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution |
publishDate |
1984 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/1912/3985 |
op_coverage |
Barents Sea |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(22.400,22.400,79.800,79.800) |
geographic |
Barents Sea Nordaustlandet |
geographic_facet |
Barents Sea Nordaustlandet |
genre |
Barents Sea Nordaustlandet Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Barents Sea Nordaustlandet Sea ice |
op_source |
doi:10.1575/1912/3985 |
op_relation |
WHOI Theses https://hdl.handle.net/1912/3985 doi:10.1575/1912/3985 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1575/1912/3985 |
op_publisher_place |
Woods Hole, MA |
_version_ |
1766369869274546176 |