Could beaked whales get the bends? : effect of diving behaviour and physiology on modelled gas exchange for three species: Ziphius cavirostris, Mesoplodon densirostris and Hyperoodon ampullatus

• Published in: Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology
• Main Authors: Hooker, Sascha K., Baird, Robin W., Fahlman, Andreas
• Format: Report
• Language: English
• Published: 2009
• Subjects: Cuvier’s beaked whale; Blainville’s beaked whale; Northern bottlenose whale; Decompression sickness; Canada; hyperoodon ampullatus
• Online Access: https://hdl.handle.net/1912/3063

Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2009. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology 167 (2009): 235-246, doi:10.1016/j.resp.2009.04.023. A mathematical model, based on current knowledge of gas exchange and physiology of marine mammals, was used to predict blood and tissue tension N2 (PN2) using field data from three beaked whale species: northern bottlenose whales, Cuvier’s beaked whales, and Blainville’s beaked whales. The objective was to determine if physiology (body mass, diving lung volume, dive response) or dive behaviour (dive depth and duration, changes in ascent rate, diel behaviour) would lead to differences in PN2 levels and thereby decompression sickness (DCS) risk between species. Diving lung volume and extent of the dive response had a large effect on end-dive PN2. The dive profile had a larger influence on end-dive PN2 than body mass differences between species. Despite diel changes in dive behaviour, PN2 levels showed no consistent trend. Model output suggested that all three species live with tissue PN2 levels that would cause a significant proportion of DCS cases in terrestrial mammals. Cuvier’s beaked whale diving behaviour appears to put them at higher risk than the other species, which may explain their prevalence in strandings after the use of mid-frequency sonar. Support for this work was made by a grant to AF from the Office of Naval Research (ONR Award No. N00014-07-1-1098). SKH was supported by a Royal Society Dorothy Hodgkin research fellowship. Field data on northern bottlenose whales was facilitated by research and equipment grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and WWF-Canada to Hal Whitehead. Field studies of Cuvier's and Blainville's beaked whales were supported by the Southwest Fisheries Science Center of NOAA Fisheries, the U.S. Navy (N45), and the Wild Whale ...