Rapid 20th century warming reverses 900-year cooling in the Gulf of Maine
© The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Whitney, N. M., Wanamaker, A. D., Ummenhofer, C. C., Johnson, B. J., Cresswell-Clay, N., & Kreutz, K. J. Rapid 20th century warming reverses 900...
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Nature Research
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Online Access: | https://hdl.handle.net/1912/29713 |
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ftwhoas:oai:darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org:1912/29713 2023-05-15T15:22:35+02:00 Rapid 20th century warming reverses 900-year cooling in the Gulf of Maine Whitney, Nina M. Wanamaker, Alan D. Ummenhofer, Caroline C. Johnson, Beverly J. Cresswell-Clay, Nathaniel Kreutz, Karl J. 2022-08-08 https://hdl.handle.net/1912/29713 unknown Nature Research https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00504-8 Whitney, N. M., Wanamaker, A. D., Ummenhofer, C. C., Johnson, B. J., Cresswell-Clay, N., & Kreutz, K. J. (2022). Rapid 20th century warming reverses 900-year cooling in the Gulf of Maine. Communications Earth & Environment, 3(1), 179. https://hdl.handle.net/1912/29713 doi:10.1038/s43247-022-00504-8 Attribution 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ CC-BY Whitney, N. M., Wanamaker, A. D., Ummenhofer, C. C., Johnson, B. J., Cresswell-Clay, N., & Kreutz, K. J. (2022). Rapid 20th century warming reverses 900-year cooling in the Gulf of Maine. Communications Earth & Environment, 3(1), 179. doi:10.1038/s43247-022-00504-8 Climate and Earth system modelling Marine chemistry Palaeoceanography Physical oceanography Article 2022 ftwhoas https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00504-8 2023-02-25T23:57:11Z © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Whitney, N. M., Wanamaker, A. D., Ummenhofer, C. C., Johnson, B. J., Cresswell-Clay, N., & Kreutz, K. J. Rapid 20th century warming reverses 900-year cooling in the Gulf of Maine. Communications Earth & Environment, 3(1), (2022): 179, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00504-8. The Gulf of Maine, located in the western North Atlantic, has undergone recent, rapid ocean warming but the lack of long-term, instrumental records hampers the ability to put these significant hydrographic changes into context. Here we present multiple 300-year long geochemical records (oxygen, nitrogen, and previously published radiocarbon isotopes) measured in absolutely-dated Arctica islandica shells from the western Gulf of Maine. These records, in combination with climate model simulations, suggest that the Gulf of Maine underwent a long-term cooling over most of the last 1000 years, driven primarily by volcanic forcing and North Atlantic ocean dynamics. This cooling trend was reversed by warming beginning in the late 1800s, likely due to increased atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations and changes in western North Atlantic circulation. The climate model simulations suggest that the warming over the last century was more rapid than almost any other 100-year period in the last 1000 years in the region. Funding for this research was provided by the following sources: Bruce Bowen Fellowship (N.M.W.), Geological Society of America Graduate Student Research Grant (N.M.W.), James E. and Barbara V. Moltz Fellowship for Climate-Related Research at WHOI (C.C.U.), Maine Marine Research Fund (B.J.J.), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship (N.M.W.), National Science Foundation grant OCE 1003438 and MGG 2028197 (A.D.W.), National Science Foundation grant OCE 1003423 (K.J.K.), National Science Foundation grant OCE 0929900 ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctica islandica North Atlantic Woods Hole Scientific Community: WHOAS (Woods Hole Open Access Server) Communications Earth & Environment 3 1 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Woods Hole Scientific Community: WHOAS (Woods Hole Open Access Server) |
op_collection_id |
ftwhoas |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Climate and Earth system modelling Marine chemistry Palaeoceanography Physical oceanography |
spellingShingle |
Climate and Earth system modelling Marine chemistry Palaeoceanography Physical oceanography Whitney, Nina M. Wanamaker, Alan D. Ummenhofer, Caroline C. Johnson, Beverly J. Cresswell-Clay, Nathaniel Kreutz, Karl J. Rapid 20th century warming reverses 900-year cooling in the Gulf of Maine |
topic_facet |
Climate and Earth system modelling Marine chemistry Palaeoceanography Physical oceanography |
description |
© The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Whitney, N. M., Wanamaker, A. D., Ummenhofer, C. C., Johnson, B. J., Cresswell-Clay, N., & Kreutz, K. J. Rapid 20th century warming reverses 900-year cooling in the Gulf of Maine. Communications Earth & Environment, 3(1), (2022): 179, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00504-8. The Gulf of Maine, located in the western North Atlantic, has undergone recent, rapid ocean warming but the lack of long-term, instrumental records hampers the ability to put these significant hydrographic changes into context. Here we present multiple 300-year long geochemical records (oxygen, nitrogen, and previously published radiocarbon isotopes) measured in absolutely-dated Arctica islandica shells from the western Gulf of Maine. These records, in combination with climate model simulations, suggest that the Gulf of Maine underwent a long-term cooling over most of the last 1000 years, driven primarily by volcanic forcing and North Atlantic ocean dynamics. This cooling trend was reversed by warming beginning in the late 1800s, likely due to increased atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations and changes in western North Atlantic circulation. The climate model simulations suggest that the warming over the last century was more rapid than almost any other 100-year period in the last 1000 years in the region. Funding for this research was provided by the following sources: Bruce Bowen Fellowship (N.M.W.), Geological Society of America Graduate Student Research Grant (N.M.W.), James E. and Barbara V. Moltz Fellowship for Climate-Related Research at WHOI (C.C.U.), Maine Marine Research Fund (B.J.J.), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship (N.M.W.), National Science Foundation grant OCE 1003438 and MGG 2028197 (A.D.W.), National Science Foundation grant OCE 1003423 (K.J.K.), National Science Foundation grant OCE 0929900 ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Whitney, Nina M. Wanamaker, Alan D. Ummenhofer, Caroline C. Johnson, Beverly J. Cresswell-Clay, Nathaniel Kreutz, Karl J. |
author_facet |
Whitney, Nina M. Wanamaker, Alan D. Ummenhofer, Caroline C. Johnson, Beverly J. Cresswell-Clay, Nathaniel Kreutz, Karl J. |
author_sort |
Whitney, Nina M. |
title |
Rapid 20th century warming reverses 900-year cooling in the Gulf of Maine |
title_short |
Rapid 20th century warming reverses 900-year cooling in the Gulf of Maine |
title_full |
Rapid 20th century warming reverses 900-year cooling in the Gulf of Maine |
title_fullStr |
Rapid 20th century warming reverses 900-year cooling in the Gulf of Maine |
title_full_unstemmed |
Rapid 20th century warming reverses 900-year cooling in the Gulf of Maine |
title_sort |
rapid 20th century warming reverses 900-year cooling in the gulf of maine |
publisher |
Nature Research |
publishDate |
2022 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/1912/29713 |
genre |
Arctica islandica North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
Arctica islandica North Atlantic |
op_source |
Whitney, N. M., Wanamaker, A. D., Ummenhofer, C. C., Johnson, B. J., Cresswell-Clay, N., & Kreutz, K. J. (2022). Rapid 20th century warming reverses 900-year cooling in the Gulf of Maine. Communications Earth & Environment, 3(1), 179. doi:10.1038/s43247-022-00504-8 |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00504-8 Whitney, N. M., Wanamaker, A. D., Ummenhofer, C. C., Johnson, B. J., Cresswell-Clay, N., & Kreutz, K. J. (2022). Rapid 20th century warming reverses 900-year cooling in the Gulf of Maine. Communications Earth & Environment, 3(1), 179. https://hdl.handle.net/1912/29713 doi:10.1038/s43247-022-00504-8 |
op_rights |
Attribution 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00504-8 |
container_title |
Communications Earth & Environment |
container_volume |
3 |
container_issue |
1 |
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1766353229274152960 |