Interannual and seasonal asymmetries in gulf stream ring formations from 1980 to 2019
© The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Silver, A., Gangopadhyay, A., Gawarkiewicz, G., Silva, E. N. S., & Clark, J. Interannual and seasonal asymmetries in gulf stream ring formations...
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2021
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ftwhoas:oai:darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org:1912/26918 2023-05-15T17:36:05+02:00 Interannual and seasonal asymmetries in gulf stream ring formations from 1980 to 2019 Silver, Adrienne M. Gangopadhyay, Avijit Gawarkiewicz, Glen G. Silva, E. Nishchitha S. Clark, Jenifer 2021-01-26 https://hdl.handle.net/1912/26918 unknown Nature Research https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81827-y Silver, A., Gangopadhyay, A., Gawarkiewicz, G., Silva, E. N. S., & Clark, J. (2021). Interannual and seasonal asymmetries in gulf stream ring formations from 1980 to 2019. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 2207. https://hdl.handle.net/1912/26918 doi:10.1038/s41598-021-81827-y Attribution 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ CC-BY Silver, A., Gangopadhyay, A., Gawarkiewicz, G., Silva, E. N. S., & Clark, J. (2021). Interannual and seasonal asymmetries in gulf stream ring formations from 1980 to 2019. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 2207. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-81827-y Article 2021 ftwhoas https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81827-y 2022-05-28T23:04:04Z © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Silver, A., Gangopadhyay, A., Gawarkiewicz, G., Silva, E. N. S., & Clark, J. Interannual and seasonal asymmetries in gulf stream ring formations from 1980 to 2019. Scientific Reports, 11(1), (2021): 2207, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81827-y. As the Gulf Stream separates from the coast, it sheds both Warm and Cold Core Rings between 75∘ and 55∘W. We present evidence that this ring formation behavior has been asymmetric over both interannual and seasonal time-scales. After a previously reported regime-shift in 2000, 15 more Warm Core Rings have been forming yearly compared to 1980–1999. In contrast, there have been no changes in the annual formation rate of the Cold Core Rings. This increase in Warm Core Ring production leads to an excess heat transfer of 0.10 PW to the Slope Sea, amounting to 7.7–12.4% of the total Gulf Stream heat transport, or 5.4–7.3% of the global oceanic heat budget at 30∘N. Seasonally, more Cold Core Rings are produced in the winter and spring and more Warm Core Rings are produced in the summer and fall leading to more summertime heat transfer to the north of the Stream. The seasonal cycle of relative ring formation numbers is strongly correlated (r = 0.82) with that of the difference in upper layer temperatures between the Sargasso and Slope seas. This quantification motivates future efforts to understand the recent increasing influence of the Gulf Stream on the circulation and ecosystem in the western North Atlantic. The authors acknowledge financial supports from NOAA (NA11NOS0120038), NSF (OCE-1851242), SMAST and UMass Dartmouth. GG was supported by NSF under grant OCE-1851261 and ONR under grant N00014-19-1-2646. Article in Journal/Newspaper North Atlantic Woods Hole Scientific Community: WHOAS (Woods Hole Open Access Server) Scientific Reports 11 1 |
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© The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Silver, A., Gangopadhyay, A., Gawarkiewicz, G., Silva, E. N. S., & Clark, J. Interannual and seasonal asymmetries in gulf stream ring formations from 1980 to 2019. Scientific Reports, 11(1), (2021): 2207, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81827-y. As the Gulf Stream separates from the coast, it sheds both Warm and Cold Core Rings between 75∘ and 55∘W. We present evidence that this ring formation behavior has been asymmetric over both interannual and seasonal time-scales. After a previously reported regime-shift in 2000, 15 more Warm Core Rings have been forming yearly compared to 1980–1999. In contrast, there have been no changes in the annual formation rate of the Cold Core Rings. This increase in Warm Core Ring production leads to an excess heat transfer of 0.10 PW to the Slope Sea, amounting to 7.7–12.4% of the total Gulf Stream heat transport, or 5.4–7.3% of the global oceanic heat budget at 30∘N. Seasonally, more Cold Core Rings are produced in the winter and spring and more Warm Core Rings are produced in the summer and fall leading to more summertime heat transfer to the north of the Stream. The seasonal cycle of relative ring formation numbers is strongly correlated (r = 0.82) with that of the difference in upper layer temperatures between the Sargasso and Slope seas. This quantification motivates future efforts to understand the recent increasing influence of the Gulf Stream on the circulation and ecosystem in the western North Atlantic. The authors acknowledge financial supports from NOAA (NA11NOS0120038), NSF (OCE-1851242), SMAST and UMass Dartmouth. GG was supported by NSF under grant OCE-1851261 and ONR under grant N00014-19-1-2646. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Silver, Adrienne M. Gangopadhyay, Avijit Gawarkiewicz, Glen G. Silva, E. Nishchitha S. Clark, Jenifer |
spellingShingle |
Silver, Adrienne M. Gangopadhyay, Avijit Gawarkiewicz, Glen G. Silva, E. Nishchitha S. Clark, Jenifer Interannual and seasonal asymmetries in gulf stream ring formations from 1980 to 2019 |
author_facet |
Silver, Adrienne M. Gangopadhyay, Avijit Gawarkiewicz, Glen G. Silva, E. Nishchitha S. Clark, Jenifer |
author_sort |
Silver, Adrienne M. |
title |
Interannual and seasonal asymmetries in gulf stream ring formations from 1980 to 2019 |
title_short |
Interannual and seasonal asymmetries in gulf stream ring formations from 1980 to 2019 |
title_full |
Interannual and seasonal asymmetries in gulf stream ring formations from 1980 to 2019 |
title_fullStr |
Interannual and seasonal asymmetries in gulf stream ring formations from 1980 to 2019 |
title_full_unstemmed |
Interannual and seasonal asymmetries in gulf stream ring formations from 1980 to 2019 |
title_sort |
interannual and seasonal asymmetries in gulf stream ring formations from 1980 to 2019 |
publisher |
Nature Research |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/1912/26918 |
genre |
North Atlantic |
genre_facet |
North Atlantic |
op_source |
Silver, A., Gangopadhyay, A., Gawarkiewicz, G., Silva, E. N. S., & Clark, J. (2021). Interannual and seasonal asymmetries in gulf stream ring formations from 1980 to 2019. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 2207. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-81827-y |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81827-y Silver, A., Gangopadhyay, A., Gawarkiewicz, G., Silva, E. N. S., & Clark, J. (2021). Interannual and seasonal asymmetries in gulf stream ring formations from 1980 to 2019. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 2207. https://hdl.handle.net/1912/26918 doi:10.1038/s41598-021-81827-y |
op_rights |
Attribution 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81827-y |
container_title |
Scientific Reports |
container_volume |
11 |
container_issue |
1 |
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1766135451299610624 |