Three-dimensional beam pattern of regular sperm whale clicks confirms bent-horn hypothesis
Author Posting. © Acoustical Society of America, 2005. This article is posted here by permission of Acoustical Society of America for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 117 (2005): 1473-1485, doi:10.1121/1.182850...
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ftwhoas:oai:darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org:1912/2361 2023-05-15T17:59:28+02:00 Three-dimensional beam pattern of regular sperm whale clicks confirms bent-horn hypothesis Zimmer, Walter M. X. Tyack, Peter L. Johnson, Mark P. Madsen, Peter T. 2005-03 application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/1912/2361 en_US eng Acoustical Society of America https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1828501 Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 117 (2005): 1473-1485 https://hdl.handle.net/1912/2361 doi:10.1121/1.1828501 Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 117 (2005): 1473-1485 doi:10.1121/1.1828501 Bioacoustics Biocommunications Array signal processing Echo Hydrophones Multidimensional signal processing Underwater sound Sonar signal processing Article 2005 ftwhoas https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1828501 2022-05-28T22:57:33Z Author Posting. © Acoustical Society of America, 2005. This article is posted here by permission of Acoustical Society of America for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 117 (2005): 1473-1485, doi:10.1121/1.1828501. The three-dimensional beam pattern of a sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) tagged in the Ligurian Sea was derived using data on regular clicks from the tag and from hydrophones towed behind a ship circling the tagged whale. The tag defined the orientation of the whale, while sightings and beamformer data were used to locate the whale with respect to the ship. The existence of a narrow, forward-directed P1 beam with source levels exceeding 210 dBpeak re: 1 µPa at 1 m is confirmed. A modeled forward-beam pattern, that matches clicks >20° off-axis, predicts a directivity index of 26.7 dB and source levels of up to 229 dBpeak re: 1 µPa at 1 m. A broader backward-directed beam is produced by the P0 pulse with source levels near 200 dBpeak re: 1 µPa at 1 m and a directivity index of 7.4 dB. A low-frequency component with source levels near 190 dBpeak re: 1 µPa at 1 m is generated at the onset of the P0 pulse by air resonance. The results support the bent-horn model of sound production in sperm whales. While the sperm whale nose appears primarily adapted to produce an intense forward-directed sonar signal, less-directional click components convey information to conspecifics, and give rise to echoes from the seafloor and the surface, which may be useful for orientation during dives. This work was funded by grants from the Office of Naval Research Grants N00014-99-1-0819 and N00014-01-1-0705, and the Packard Foundation. Article in Journal/Newspaper Physeter macrocephalus Sperm whale Woods Hole Scientific Community: WHOAS (Woods Hole Open Access Server) The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 117 3 1473 1485 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Woods Hole Scientific Community: WHOAS (Woods Hole Open Access Server) |
op_collection_id |
ftwhoas |
language |
English |
topic |
Bioacoustics Biocommunications Array signal processing Echo Hydrophones Multidimensional signal processing Underwater sound Sonar signal processing |
spellingShingle |
Bioacoustics Biocommunications Array signal processing Echo Hydrophones Multidimensional signal processing Underwater sound Sonar signal processing Zimmer, Walter M. X. Tyack, Peter L. Johnson, Mark P. Madsen, Peter T. Three-dimensional beam pattern of regular sperm whale clicks confirms bent-horn hypothesis |
topic_facet |
Bioacoustics Biocommunications Array signal processing Echo Hydrophones Multidimensional signal processing Underwater sound Sonar signal processing |
description |
Author Posting. © Acoustical Society of America, 2005. This article is posted here by permission of Acoustical Society of America for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 117 (2005): 1473-1485, doi:10.1121/1.1828501. The three-dimensional beam pattern of a sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) tagged in the Ligurian Sea was derived using data on regular clicks from the tag and from hydrophones towed behind a ship circling the tagged whale. The tag defined the orientation of the whale, while sightings and beamformer data were used to locate the whale with respect to the ship. The existence of a narrow, forward-directed P1 beam with source levels exceeding 210 dBpeak re: 1 µPa at 1 m is confirmed. A modeled forward-beam pattern, that matches clicks >20° off-axis, predicts a directivity index of 26.7 dB and source levels of up to 229 dBpeak re: 1 µPa at 1 m. A broader backward-directed beam is produced by the P0 pulse with source levels near 200 dBpeak re: 1 µPa at 1 m and a directivity index of 7.4 dB. A low-frequency component with source levels near 190 dBpeak re: 1 µPa at 1 m is generated at the onset of the P0 pulse by air resonance. The results support the bent-horn model of sound production in sperm whales. While the sperm whale nose appears primarily adapted to produce an intense forward-directed sonar signal, less-directional click components convey information to conspecifics, and give rise to echoes from the seafloor and the surface, which may be useful for orientation during dives. This work was funded by grants from the Office of Naval Research Grants N00014-99-1-0819 and N00014-01-1-0705, and the Packard Foundation. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Zimmer, Walter M. X. Tyack, Peter L. Johnson, Mark P. Madsen, Peter T. |
author_facet |
Zimmer, Walter M. X. Tyack, Peter L. Johnson, Mark P. Madsen, Peter T. |
author_sort |
Zimmer, Walter M. X. |
title |
Three-dimensional beam pattern of regular sperm whale clicks confirms bent-horn hypothesis |
title_short |
Three-dimensional beam pattern of regular sperm whale clicks confirms bent-horn hypothesis |
title_full |
Three-dimensional beam pattern of regular sperm whale clicks confirms bent-horn hypothesis |
title_fullStr |
Three-dimensional beam pattern of regular sperm whale clicks confirms bent-horn hypothesis |
title_full_unstemmed |
Three-dimensional beam pattern of regular sperm whale clicks confirms bent-horn hypothesis |
title_sort |
three-dimensional beam pattern of regular sperm whale clicks confirms bent-horn hypothesis |
publisher |
Acoustical Society of America |
publishDate |
2005 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/1912/2361 |
genre |
Physeter macrocephalus Sperm whale |
genre_facet |
Physeter macrocephalus Sperm whale |
op_source |
Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 117 (2005): 1473-1485 doi:10.1121/1.1828501 |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1828501 Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 117 (2005): 1473-1485 https://hdl.handle.net/1912/2361 doi:10.1121/1.1828501 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1828501 |
container_title |
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America |
container_volume |
117 |
container_issue |
3 |
container_start_page |
1473 |
op_container_end_page |
1485 |
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1766168280027889664 |