Distribution, patchiness, and behavior of Antarctic zooplankton, assessed using multi-frequency acoustic techniques
Submitted to the MIT Department of Biology and the WHOI Biology Department in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution September 2006 The physical and biological forces tha...
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ftwhoas:oai:darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org:1912/1278 2023-05-15T13:53:14+02:00 Distribution, patchiness, and behavior of Antarctic zooplankton, assessed using multi-frequency acoustic techniques Lawson, Gareth L. Marguerite Bay Antarctic Peninsula 2006-09 7886819 bytes application/pdf https://hdl.handle.net/1912/1278 en_US eng Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution WHOI Theses https://hdl.handle.net/1912/1278 doi:10.1575/1912/1278 doi:10.1575/1912/1278 Underwater acoustics Marine zooplankton Nathaniel B. Palmer (Ship) Cruise NBP01-03 Nathaniel B. Palmer (Ship) Cruise NBP01-04 Thesis 2006 ftwhoas https://doi.org/10.1575/1912/1278 2022-05-28T22:57:10Z Submitted to the MIT Department of Biology and the WHOI Biology Department in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution September 2006 The physical and biological forces that drive zooplankton distribution and patchiness in an antarctic continental shelf region were examined, with particular emphasis on the Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba. This was accomplished by the application of acoustic, video, and environmental sensors during surveys of the region in and around Marguerite Bay, west of the Antarctic Peninsula, in the falls and winters of 2001 and 2002. An important component of the research involved the development and verification of methods for extracting estimates of ecologically-meaningful quantities from measurements of scattered sound. The distribution of acoustic volume backscattering at the single frequency of 120 kHz was first examined as an index of the overall biomass of zooplankton. Distinct spatial and seasonal patterns were observed that coincided with advective features. Improved parameterization was then achieved for a theoretical model of Antarctic krill target strength, the quantity necessary in scaling measurements of scattered sound to estimates of abundance, through direct measurement of all necessary model parameters for krill sampled in the study region and survey period. Methods were developed for identifying and delineating krill aggregations, allowing the distribution of krill to be distinguished from that of the overall zooplankton community. Additional methods were developed and verified for estimating the length, abundance, and biomass of krill in each acoustically-identified aggregation. These methods were applied to multifrequency acoustic survey data, demonstrating strong seasonal, inter-annual, and spatial variability in the distribution of krill biomass. Highest biomass was consistently associated with regions close to land where temperatures ... Thesis Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Krill Antarctic Peninsula Euphausia superba Woods Hole Scientific Community: WHOAS (Woods Hole Open Access Server) Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Marguerite ENVELOPE(141.378,141.378,-66.787,-66.787) Marguerite Bay ENVELOPE(-68.000,-68.000,-68.500,-68.500) The Antarctic Woods Hole, MA |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Woods Hole Scientific Community: WHOAS (Woods Hole Open Access Server) |
op_collection_id |
ftwhoas |
language |
English |
topic |
Underwater acoustics Marine zooplankton Nathaniel B. Palmer (Ship) Cruise NBP01-03 Nathaniel B. Palmer (Ship) Cruise NBP01-04 |
spellingShingle |
Underwater acoustics Marine zooplankton Nathaniel B. Palmer (Ship) Cruise NBP01-03 Nathaniel B. Palmer (Ship) Cruise NBP01-04 Lawson, Gareth L. Distribution, patchiness, and behavior of Antarctic zooplankton, assessed using multi-frequency acoustic techniques |
topic_facet |
Underwater acoustics Marine zooplankton Nathaniel B. Palmer (Ship) Cruise NBP01-03 Nathaniel B. Palmer (Ship) Cruise NBP01-04 |
description |
Submitted to the MIT Department of Biology and the WHOI Biology Department in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution September 2006 The physical and biological forces that drive zooplankton distribution and patchiness in an antarctic continental shelf region were examined, with particular emphasis on the Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba. This was accomplished by the application of acoustic, video, and environmental sensors during surveys of the region in and around Marguerite Bay, west of the Antarctic Peninsula, in the falls and winters of 2001 and 2002. An important component of the research involved the development and verification of methods for extracting estimates of ecologically-meaningful quantities from measurements of scattered sound. The distribution of acoustic volume backscattering at the single frequency of 120 kHz was first examined as an index of the overall biomass of zooplankton. Distinct spatial and seasonal patterns were observed that coincided with advective features. Improved parameterization was then achieved for a theoretical model of Antarctic krill target strength, the quantity necessary in scaling measurements of scattered sound to estimates of abundance, through direct measurement of all necessary model parameters for krill sampled in the study region and survey period. Methods were developed for identifying and delineating krill aggregations, allowing the distribution of krill to be distinguished from that of the overall zooplankton community. Additional methods were developed and verified for estimating the length, abundance, and biomass of krill in each acoustically-identified aggregation. These methods were applied to multifrequency acoustic survey data, demonstrating strong seasonal, inter-annual, and spatial variability in the distribution of krill biomass. Highest biomass was consistently associated with regions close to land where temperatures ... |
format |
Thesis |
author |
Lawson, Gareth L. |
author_facet |
Lawson, Gareth L. |
author_sort |
Lawson, Gareth L. |
title |
Distribution, patchiness, and behavior of Antarctic zooplankton, assessed using multi-frequency acoustic techniques |
title_short |
Distribution, patchiness, and behavior of Antarctic zooplankton, assessed using multi-frequency acoustic techniques |
title_full |
Distribution, patchiness, and behavior of Antarctic zooplankton, assessed using multi-frequency acoustic techniques |
title_fullStr |
Distribution, patchiness, and behavior of Antarctic zooplankton, assessed using multi-frequency acoustic techniques |
title_full_unstemmed |
Distribution, patchiness, and behavior of Antarctic zooplankton, assessed using multi-frequency acoustic techniques |
title_sort |
distribution, patchiness, and behavior of antarctic zooplankton, assessed using multi-frequency acoustic techniques |
publisher |
Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution |
publishDate |
2006 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/1912/1278 |
op_coverage |
Marguerite Bay Antarctic Peninsula |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(141.378,141.378,-66.787,-66.787) ENVELOPE(-68.000,-68.000,-68.500,-68.500) |
geographic |
Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Marguerite Marguerite Bay The Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic Antarctic Peninsula Marguerite Marguerite Bay The Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Krill Antarctic Peninsula Euphausia superba |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Krill Antarctic Peninsula Euphausia superba |
op_source |
doi:10.1575/1912/1278 |
op_relation |
WHOI Theses https://hdl.handle.net/1912/1278 doi:10.1575/1912/1278 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1575/1912/1278 |
op_publisher_place |
Woods Hole, MA |
_version_ |
1766258215399456768 |