Structure and forcing of observed exchanges across the Greenland–Scotland Ridge
Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2018. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Climate 31 (2018): 9881-9901, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0889.1. The Atlantic...
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ftwhoas:oai:darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org:1912/10770 2023-05-15T16:00:41+02:00 Structure and forcing of observed exchanges across the Greenland–Scotland Ridge Bringedal, Carina Eldevik, Tor Skagseth, Øystein Spall, Michael A. Østerhus, Svein 2018-11-19 https://hdl.handle.net/1912/10770 en_US eng American Meteorological Society https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0889.1 Journal of Climate 31 (2018): 9881-9901 https://hdl.handle.net/1912/10770 doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0889.1 Journal of Climate 31 (2018): 9881-9901 doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0889.1 Ocean circulation Thermocline circulation Atmosphere-ocean interaction North Atlantic Oscillation Statistical techniques Time series Article 2018 ftwhoas https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0889.1 2022-05-28T23:00:32Z Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2018. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Climate 31 (2018): 9881-9901, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0889.1. The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and associated poleward heat transport are balanced by northern heat loss to the atmosphere and corresponding water-mass transformation. The circulation of northward-flowing Atlantic Water at the surface and returning overflow water at depth is particularly manifested—and observed—at the Greenland–Scotland Ridge where the water masses are guided through narrow straits. There is, however, a rich variability in the exchange of water masses across the ridge on all time scales. Focusing on seasonal and interannual time scales, and particularly the gateways of the Denmark Strait and between the Faroe Islands and Shetland, we specifically assess to what extent the exchanges of water masses across the Greenland–Scotland Ridge relate to wind forcing. On seasonal time scales, the variance explained of the observed exchanges can largely be related to large-scale wind patterns, and a conceptual model shows how this wind forcing can manifest via a barotropic, cyclonic circulation. On interannual time scales, the wind stress impact is less direct as baroclinic mechanisms gain importance and observations indicate a shift in the overflows from being more barotropically to more baroclinically forced during the observation period. Overall, the observed Greenland–Scotland Ridge exchanges reflect a horizontal (cyclonic) circulation on seasonal time scales, while the interannual variability more represents an overturning circulation. This research was supported by the Research Council of Norway project NORTH (Grant 229763). Additional support for M. A. Spall was provided by National Science Foundation Grant OCE- 1558742, for T. Eldevik and S. Østerhus by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Denmark Strait Faroe Islands Greenland Greenland-Scotland Ridge North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation Woods Hole Scientific Community: WHOAS (Woods Hole Open Access Server) Faroe Islands Greenland Norway Journal of Climate 31 24 9881 9901 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Woods Hole Scientific Community: WHOAS (Woods Hole Open Access Server) |
op_collection_id |
ftwhoas |
language |
English |
topic |
Ocean circulation Thermocline circulation Atmosphere-ocean interaction North Atlantic Oscillation Statistical techniques Time series |
spellingShingle |
Ocean circulation Thermocline circulation Atmosphere-ocean interaction North Atlantic Oscillation Statistical techniques Time series Bringedal, Carina Eldevik, Tor Skagseth, Øystein Spall, Michael A. Østerhus, Svein Structure and forcing of observed exchanges across the Greenland–Scotland Ridge |
topic_facet |
Ocean circulation Thermocline circulation Atmosphere-ocean interaction North Atlantic Oscillation Statistical techniques Time series |
description |
Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2018. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Climate 31 (2018): 9881-9901, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0889.1. The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and associated poleward heat transport are balanced by northern heat loss to the atmosphere and corresponding water-mass transformation. The circulation of northward-flowing Atlantic Water at the surface and returning overflow water at depth is particularly manifested—and observed—at the Greenland–Scotland Ridge where the water masses are guided through narrow straits. There is, however, a rich variability in the exchange of water masses across the ridge on all time scales. Focusing on seasonal and interannual time scales, and particularly the gateways of the Denmark Strait and between the Faroe Islands and Shetland, we specifically assess to what extent the exchanges of water masses across the Greenland–Scotland Ridge relate to wind forcing. On seasonal time scales, the variance explained of the observed exchanges can largely be related to large-scale wind patterns, and a conceptual model shows how this wind forcing can manifest via a barotropic, cyclonic circulation. On interannual time scales, the wind stress impact is less direct as baroclinic mechanisms gain importance and observations indicate a shift in the overflows from being more barotropically to more baroclinically forced during the observation period. Overall, the observed Greenland–Scotland Ridge exchanges reflect a horizontal (cyclonic) circulation on seasonal time scales, while the interannual variability more represents an overturning circulation. This research was supported by the Research Council of Norway project NORTH (Grant 229763). Additional support for M. A. Spall was provided by National Science Foundation Grant OCE- 1558742, for T. Eldevik and S. Østerhus by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research ... |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Bringedal, Carina Eldevik, Tor Skagseth, Øystein Spall, Michael A. Østerhus, Svein |
author_facet |
Bringedal, Carina Eldevik, Tor Skagseth, Øystein Spall, Michael A. Østerhus, Svein |
author_sort |
Bringedal, Carina |
title |
Structure and forcing of observed exchanges across the Greenland–Scotland Ridge |
title_short |
Structure and forcing of observed exchanges across the Greenland–Scotland Ridge |
title_full |
Structure and forcing of observed exchanges across the Greenland–Scotland Ridge |
title_fullStr |
Structure and forcing of observed exchanges across the Greenland–Scotland Ridge |
title_full_unstemmed |
Structure and forcing of observed exchanges across the Greenland–Scotland Ridge |
title_sort |
structure and forcing of observed exchanges across the greenland–scotland ridge |
publisher |
American Meteorological Society |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/1912/10770 |
geographic |
Faroe Islands Greenland Norway |
geographic_facet |
Faroe Islands Greenland Norway |
genre |
Denmark Strait Faroe Islands Greenland Greenland-Scotland Ridge North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation |
genre_facet |
Denmark Strait Faroe Islands Greenland Greenland-Scotland Ridge North Atlantic North Atlantic oscillation |
op_source |
Journal of Climate 31 (2018): 9881-9901 doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0889.1 |
op_relation |
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0889.1 Journal of Climate 31 (2018): 9881-9901 https://hdl.handle.net/1912/10770 doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0889.1 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0889.1 |
container_title |
Journal of Climate |
container_volume |
31 |
container_issue |
24 |
container_start_page |
9881 |
op_container_end_page |
9901 |
_version_ |
1766396698090799104 |