Inactivation of Cone-Specific Phototransduction Genes in Rod Monochromatic Cetaceans
Vertebrate vision is mediated by two types of photoreceptors, rod and cone cells. Rods are more sensitive than cones in dim light, but are incapable of color discrimination because they possess only one type of photosensitive opsin protein (rod opsin = RH1). By contrast, cones are more important for...
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ftwhittiercoll:oai:poetcommons.whittier.edu:bio-1020 2023-05-15T14:01:30+02:00 Inactivation of Cone-Specific Phototransduction Genes in Rod Monochromatic Cetaceans Emerling, Christopher A. Springer, Mark S. Fugate, Noah Patel, Rachna Starrett, James Morin, Phillip A. Hayashi, Cheryl Gatesy, John 2016-01-01T08:00:00Z application/pdf https://poetcommons.whittier.edu/bio/19 https://poetcommons.whittier.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1020&context=bio unknown Poet Commons https://poetcommons.whittier.edu/bio/19 https://poetcommons.whittier.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1020&context=bio Biology Cetacea opsins phototransduction pseudogenes rod monochromacy Biology text 2016 ftwhittiercoll 2022-07-27T18:23:47Z Vertebrate vision is mediated by two types of photoreceptors, rod and cone cells. Rods are more sensitive than cones in dim light, but are incapable of color discrimination because they possess only one type of photosensitive opsin protein (rod opsin = RH1). By contrast, cones are more important for vision in bright light. Cones also facilitate dichromatic color vision in most mammals because there are two cone pigment genes (SWS1, LWS) that facilitate color discrimination. Cone monochromacy occurs when one of the cone opsins (usually SWS1) is inactivated and is present in assorted subterranean, nocturnal, and aquatic mammals. Rod monochromacy occurs when both cone photoreceptors are inactivated, resulting in a pure rod retina. The latter condition is extremely rare in mammals and has only been confirmed with genetic evidence in five cetacean lineages, golden moles, armadillos, and sloths. The first genetic evidence for rod monochromacy in these taxa consisted of inactivated copies of both of their cone pigment genes (SWS1, LWS). However, other components of the cone phototransduction cascade are also predicted to accumulate inactivating mutations in rod monochromats. Here, we employ genome sequences and exon capture data from four baleen whales (bowhead, two minke whales, fin whale) and five toothed whales (sperm whale, Yangtze River dolphin, beluga, killer whale, bottlenose dolphin) to test the hypothesis that rod monochromacy is associated with the inactivation of seven genes (GNAT2, GNB3, GNGT2, PDE6C, PDE6H, CNGA3, CNGB3) in the cone phototransduction cascade. Cone-monochromatic toothed whales that retain a functional copy of LWS (beluga whale, Yangtze River dolphin, killer whale, bottlenose dolphin) also retain intact copies of other cone-specific phototransduction genes, whereas rod monochromats (Antarctic minke whale, common minke whale, fin whale, bowhead whale, sperm whale) have inactivating mutations in five or more genes in the cone phototransduction cascade. The only shared inactivating mutations ... Text Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Minke whale baleen whales Beluga Beluga whale Beluga* bowhead whale Fin whale Killer Whale minke whale Sperm whale toothed whales Killer whale Whittier College: Poet Commons Antarctic |
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collection |
Whittier College: Poet Commons |
op_collection_id |
ftwhittiercoll |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Cetacea opsins phototransduction pseudogenes rod monochromacy Biology |
spellingShingle |
Cetacea opsins phototransduction pseudogenes rod monochromacy Biology Emerling, Christopher A. Springer, Mark S. Fugate, Noah Patel, Rachna Starrett, James Morin, Phillip A. Hayashi, Cheryl Gatesy, John Inactivation of Cone-Specific Phototransduction Genes in Rod Monochromatic Cetaceans |
topic_facet |
Cetacea opsins phototransduction pseudogenes rod monochromacy Biology |
description |
Vertebrate vision is mediated by two types of photoreceptors, rod and cone cells. Rods are more sensitive than cones in dim light, but are incapable of color discrimination because they possess only one type of photosensitive opsin protein (rod opsin = RH1). By contrast, cones are more important for vision in bright light. Cones also facilitate dichromatic color vision in most mammals because there are two cone pigment genes (SWS1, LWS) that facilitate color discrimination. Cone monochromacy occurs when one of the cone opsins (usually SWS1) is inactivated and is present in assorted subterranean, nocturnal, and aquatic mammals. Rod monochromacy occurs when both cone photoreceptors are inactivated, resulting in a pure rod retina. The latter condition is extremely rare in mammals and has only been confirmed with genetic evidence in five cetacean lineages, golden moles, armadillos, and sloths. The first genetic evidence for rod monochromacy in these taxa consisted of inactivated copies of both of their cone pigment genes (SWS1, LWS). However, other components of the cone phototransduction cascade are also predicted to accumulate inactivating mutations in rod monochromats. Here, we employ genome sequences and exon capture data from four baleen whales (bowhead, two minke whales, fin whale) and five toothed whales (sperm whale, Yangtze River dolphin, beluga, killer whale, bottlenose dolphin) to test the hypothesis that rod monochromacy is associated with the inactivation of seven genes (GNAT2, GNB3, GNGT2, PDE6C, PDE6H, CNGA3, CNGB3) in the cone phototransduction cascade. Cone-monochromatic toothed whales that retain a functional copy of LWS (beluga whale, Yangtze River dolphin, killer whale, bottlenose dolphin) also retain intact copies of other cone-specific phototransduction genes, whereas rod monochromats (Antarctic minke whale, common minke whale, fin whale, bowhead whale, sperm whale) have inactivating mutations in five or more genes in the cone phototransduction cascade. The only shared inactivating mutations ... |
format |
Text |
author |
Emerling, Christopher A. Springer, Mark S. Fugate, Noah Patel, Rachna Starrett, James Morin, Phillip A. Hayashi, Cheryl Gatesy, John |
author_facet |
Emerling, Christopher A. Springer, Mark S. Fugate, Noah Patel, Rachna Starrett, James Morin, Phillip A. Hayashi, Cheryl Gatesy, John |
author_sort |
Emerling, Christopher A. |
title |
Inactivation of Cone-Specific Phototransduction Genes in Rod Monochromatic Cetaceans |
title_short |
Inactivation of Cone-Specific Phototransduction Genes in Rod Monochromatic Cetaceans |
title_full |
Inactivation of Cone-Specific Phototransduction Genes in Rod Monochromatic Cetaceans |
title_fullStr |
Inactivation of Cone-Specific Phototransduction Genes in Rod Monochromatic Cetaceans |
title_full_unstemmed |
Inactivation of Cone-Specific Phototransduction Genes in Rod Monochromatic Cetaceans |
title_sort |
inactivation of cone-specific phototransduction genes in rod monochromatic cetaceans |
publisher |
Poet Commons |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
https://poetcommons.whittier.edu/bio/19 https://poetcommons.whittier.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1020&context=bio |
geographic |
Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Minke whale baleen whales Beluga Beluga whale Beluga* bowhead whale Fin whale Killer Whale minke whale Sperm whale toothed whales Killer whale |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Minke whale baleen whales Beluga Beluga whale Beluga* bowhead whale Fin whale Killer Whale minke whale Sperm whale toothed whales Killer whale |
op_source |
Biology |
op_relation |
https://poetcommons.whittier.edu/bio/19 https://poetcommons.whittier.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1020&context=bio |
_version_ |
1766271343880306688 |