Scaling of oscillatory kinematics and Froude efficiency in baleen whales
High efficiency lunate-tail swimming with high-aspect-ratio lifting surfaces has evolved in many vertebrate lineages, from fish to cetaceans. Baleen whales (Mysticeti) are the largest swimming animals that exhibit this locomotor strategy, and present an ideal study system to examine how morphology a...
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2021
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ftwestchesteruni:oai:digitalcommons.wcupa.edu:bio_facpub-1068 2023-05-15T13:52:59+02:00 Scaling of oscillatory kinematics and Froude efficiency in baleen whales Gough, William T. Smith, Hayden J. Savoca, Matthew S. Czapanskiy, Max F. Fish, Frank E. Potvin, Jean Bierlich, K. C. Cade, David E. Di Clemente, Jacopo Kennedy, John Segre, Paolo Stanworth, Andrew Weir, Caroline Goldbogen, Jeremy A. 2021-07-01T07:00:00Z application/pdf https://digitalcommons.wcupa.edu/bio_facpub/67 https://digitalcommons.wcupa.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1068&context=bio_facpub unknown Digital Commons @ West Chester University https://digitalcommons.wcupa.edu/bio_facpub/67 https://digitalcommons.wcupa.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1068&context=bio_facpub Biology Faculty Publications Cetacean Swimming Hydrodynamics Thrust Efficiency Biomechanics text 2021 ftwestchesteruni 2022-04-10T20:38:03Z High efficiency lunate-tail swimming with high-aspect-ratio lifting surfaces has evolved in many vertebrate lineages, from fish to cetaceans. Baleen whales (Mysticeti) are the largest swimming animals that exhibit this locomotor strategy, and present an ideal study system to examine how morphology and the kinematics of swimming scale to the largest body sizes. We used data from whale-borne inertial sensors coupled with morphometric measurements from aerial drones to calculate the hydrodynamic performance of oscillatory swimming in six baleen whale species ranging in body length from 5 to 25 m (fin whale, Balaenoptera physalus; Bryde's whale, Balaenoptera edeni; sei whale, Balaenoptera borealis; Antarctic minke whale, Balaenoptera bonaerensis; humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae; and blue whale, Balaenoptera musculus). We found that mass-specific thrust increased with both swimming speed and body size. Froude efficiency, defined as the ratio of useful power output to the rate of energy input (Sloop, 1978), generally increased with swimming speed but decreased on average with increasing body size. This finding is contrary to previous results in smaller animals, where Froude efficiency increased with body size. Although our empirically parameterized estimates for swimming baleen whale drag were higher than those of a simple gliding model, oscillatory locomotion at this scale exhibits generally high Froude efficiency as in other adept swimmers. Our results quantify the fine-scale kinematics and estimate the hydrodynamics of routine and energetically expensive swimming modes at the largest scale. Text Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Minke whale Balaenoptera bonaerensis Balaenoptera borealis Balaenoptera musculus Balaenoptera physalus baleen whale baleen whales Blue whale Fin whale Humpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae minke whale Sei Whale Digital Commons @ West Chester University Antarctic |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Digital Commons @ West Chester University |
op_collection_id |
ftwestchesteruni |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Cetacean Swimming Hydrodynamics Thrust Efficiency Biomechanics |
spellingShingle |
Cetacean Swimming Hydrodynamics Thrust Efficiency Biomechanics Gough, William T. Smith, Hayden J. Savoca, Matthew S. Czapanskiy, Max F. Fish, Frank E. Potvin, Jean Bierlich, K. C. Cade, David E. Di Clemente, Jacopo Kennedy, John Segre, Paolo Stanworth, Andrew Weir, Caroline Goldbogen, Jeremy A. Scaling of oscillatory kinematics and Froude efficiency in baleen whales |
topic_facet |
Cetacean Swimming Hydrodynamics Thrust Efficiency Biomechanics |
description |
High efficiency lunate-tail swimming with high-aspect-ratio lifting surfaces has evolved in many vertebrate lineages, from fish to cetaceans. Baleen whales (Mysticeti) are the largest swimming animals that exhibit this locomotor strategy, and present an ideal study system to examine how morphology and the kinematics of swimming scale to the largest body sizes. We used data from whale-borne inertial sensors coupled with morphometric measurements from aerial drones to calculate the hydrodynamic performance of oscillatory swimming in six baleen whale species ranging in body length from 5 to 25 m (fin whale, Balaenoptera physalus; Bryde's whale, Balaenoptera edeni; sei whale, Balaenoptera borealis; Antarctic minke whale, Balaenoptera bonaerensis; humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae; and blue whale, Balaenoptera musculus). We found that mass-specific thrust increased with both swimming speed and body size. Froude efficiency, defined as the ratio of useful power output to the rate of energy input (Sloop, 1978), generally increased with swimming speed but decreased on average with increasing body size. This finding is contrary to previous results in smaller animals, where Froude efficiency increased with body size. Although our empirically parameterized estimates for swimming baleen whale drag were higher than those of a simple gliding model, oscillatory locomotion at this scale exhibits generally high Froude efficiency as in other adept swimmers. Our results quantify the fine-scale kinematics and estimate the hydrodynamics of routine and energetically expensive swimming modes at the largest scale. |
format |
Text |
author |
Gough, William T. Smith, Hayden J. Savoca, Matthew S. Czapanskiy, Max F. Fish, Frank E. Potvin, Jean Bierlich, K. C. Cade, David E. Di Clemente, Jacopo Kennedy, John Segre, Paolo Stanworth, Andrew Weir, Caroline Goldbogen, Jeremy A. |
author_facet |
Gough, William T. Smith, Hayden J. Savoca, Matthew S. Czapanskiy, Max F. Fish, Frank E. Potvin, Jean Bierlich, K. C. Cade, David E. Di Clemente, Jacopo Kennedy, John Segre, Paolo Stanworth, Andrew Weir, Caroline Goldbogen, Jeremy A. |
author_sort |
Gough, William T. |
title |
Scaling of oscillatory kinematics and Froude efficiency in baleen whales |
title_short |
Scaling of oscillatory kinematics and Froude efficiency in baleen whales |
title_full |
Scaling of oscillatory kinematics and Froude efficiency in baleen whales |
title_fullStr |
Scaling of oscillatory kinematics and Froude efficiency in baleen whales |
title_full_unstemmed |
Scaling of oscillatory kinematics and Froude efficiency in baleen whales |
title_sort |
scaling of oscillatory kinematics and froude efficiency in baleen whales |
publisher |
Digital Commons @ West Chester University |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://digitalcommons.wcupa.edu/bio_facpub/67 https://digitalcommons.wcupa.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1068&context=bio_facpub |
geographic |
Antarctic |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Minke whale Balaenoptera bonaerensis Balaenoptera borealis Balaenoptera musculus Balaenoptera physalus baleen whale baleen whales Blue whale Fin whale Humpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae minke whale Sei Whale |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic Antarctic Minke whale Balaenoptera bonaerensis Balaenoptera borealis Balaenoptera musculus Balaenoptera physalus baleen whale baleen whales Blue whale Fin whale Humpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae minke whale Sei Whale |
op_source |
Biology Faculty Publications |
op_relation |
https://digitalcommons.wcupa.edu/bio_facpub/67 https://digitalcommons.wcupa.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1068&context=bio_facpub |
_version_ |
1766257934613872640 |