| Summary: | Šio darbo pagrindinis tikslas buvo išsiaiškinti, ar galimas toks atvejis, kad tėvų teisė parinkti vaiko vardą būtų ribojama. Atlikus analizę, buvo nustatyta, kad esama tokių atvejų, kai tėvai parinkdami vardus savo vaikams elgiasi neatsakingai ir neapgalvotai, taip pažeisdami vaiko interesus. Darbe buvo išsiaiškintos vaiko ir vardo sąvokos, apžvelgiant tiek bendrinį, tiek teisinį apibėžimus. Pabrėžtina, kad vardo sąvoka darbe buvo naudojama siaurąją prasme. Buvo keliamas ir teisės į vardą bei privatumo santykio klausimas, išskiriant, kad vaiko vardas yra jo tapatybės sudėtinė dalis, Buvo padaryta išvada, kad vaiko teisė į vardą yra glaudžiai susijusi su kitomis vaiko teisėmis, tarp tokių buvo minima vaiko teisė į individualybės išsaugojimą, teisė į sveiką vystymąsi, orumo užtikrinimą ir nediskriminaciją. Pasiremiant psichologų atliktais tyrimų duomenis, buvo atkreipiamas dėmesys, kad asmens vardas yra gerokai daugiau nei skiriamasis ženklas, padedantis atskirti vienus žmones nuo kitų. Buvo pastebėta, kad vardo įtaką vaiko gyvenime yra matoma nuo tada, kai tik jis pradeda suprasti savo vardo skambesio prasmę. Darbe buvo iškeltas klausimas ar teisės į vardą ribojimas nepažeistų tėvų interesų, žvelgiant iš privataus šeimos gyvenimo perspektyvos. Tačiau buvo nustatyta, kad tai, jog valstybėje yra tam tikras teisinis reguliavimas dėl vardų registravimo tvarkos, dar nereiškia jog taip savaime pažeidžiama šeimos teisė į privatumą. Atlikus teisės aktų analizę, buvo pastebėta, kad asmens vardas turi būti toks, kuris neklaidintų visuomenės, nepažeistų geros moralės ir viešojo intereso. Tezeje buvo aptariama dalis, skirta įžvelgti ar egzistuoja tam tikras ryšys tarp vardo keitimo ir vaiko intersų pažeidinėjimo. Taipogi, darbe buvo išskiriama, kad vardo keitimas sukelia tiek juridines, tiek ir psichologines pasėkmes. Darbe buvo prieita prie išvados, kad tėvų teisė parinkti vaiko vardą gali būti ribojama, tačiau tai gali būti daroma tais atvejais, kada yra būtina ir proporcinga apsaugoti visuomenės ir vaiko interesus. Esminis to aspektas – dėti visas pastangas tam, kad būtų galimybė sumažinti arba išvengti žalos atsiradimo rizikos. The aim of this thesis is to investigate whether the parents’ right to choose a child’s name can be restricted. The subject is relevant and this is justified by reviews of legal regulations and case law of different countries. The analysis shows that there are some cases when parents irresponsibly choose names for their children, thus violating child’s interests. In order to answer this problematic question, it is important to clarify the concepts of a child and a name considering both general and legal definitions. In this paper, a child is a special entity for whose proper fulfillment of rights a special protection is provided. The thesis also assesses the functions of legal regulations taking into account whether the legal norms that regulate name registration process means that the country ensures and respects child’s rights. It is emphasized that the concept of name is used in its narrow sense, excluding last name and nickname. Moreover, another relevant question of the thesis is the right to the name and privacy relation. It is emphasized that child’s name is the component of identity, therefore both child’s parents and the country have to ensure that child’s identity and relation with the family are preserved. This aspect is investigated referring to both European Court of Human Rights and judicial judgments of other countries. Only those questions that are related to the content of child’s right to the name are discussed in the practical part. After a review of the main arguments of the court, it is concluded that a child’s right to the name is closely related to child’s rights, including the right to the preservation of individuality, the right to a healthy development, security of dignity and non-discrimination. Thus the thesis individually distinguishes a child’s right to identity, linking that a person’s name is a reference to the state where a child lives and to the family where the child was born. Based on psychological studies, a person’s name is much more than just a distinctive feature that helps to distinguish one from another. It is observed that the influence of child’s name is seen from the time a child begins to understand the meaning of the name sound. What a child hears during development, how environment reacts to the name create his own conception of himself, so naturally the name becomes a part of personality and not just a word. One of the most interesting studies have shown that a person’s name can influence not only the future professional career, but also can carry a message about a person’s race. The thesis raises a question whether the restriction of the right to the name would not violate parents’ interests from a perspective of private family life. A comparative analysis of different countries case law leads to the conclusion that in name debate at first the child welfare aspect has to be ensured in so far as it is proportional and necessary with regard to other rights. Certain states that have separate laws regulating naming procedures in their legal system have been distinguished. Mostly normative regulation of Nordic countries is mentioned (Iceland, Finland, Sweden, Denmark). This regulation provides the procedure of names registration, it also has a certain list of approved names from which parents can choose their children names. Analyzing the naming procedure, the functioning of such systems are evaluated in parallel, according to what reasons people apply to the court. The results show that a very strict naming regulation not only limits family’s private life and the right to freely choose their children names, but also violate the interests of a child when without hurting the dignity of a person or public policy, the name is rejected in public records because of non-compliance with legal regulation. The victims of such situations become children who are left against their will to live without a name for a while. However, after the analysis, it is found out that the fact that a country has a certain legal regulation on name registration procedure does not mean that family’s right to privacy is violated. The thesis draws a considerable attention to the importance of name in a person’s life and its legal function. After a comparison of legal framework in different countries, it is noticed that a person’s name should not mislead society, violate good morals and public interest. Moreover, in Lithuania and some other countries a person’s name cannot be understood ambiguously with respect to sex and cannot violate human right to the full life. However, it is mentioned that there are some states where the same name can be used for both males and females. The thesis leads to the conclusion that parents’ right to choose a child’s name can be restricted, however, it can be done only in those cases where it is necessary in order to protect society and child’s interests. The key aspect of the latter is to put all efforts to reduce or prevent risk of mischief. Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas
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