Phylogeny, Connectivity and Dispersal Patterns of the Giant Kelp Macrocystis (Phaeophyceae)

Macrocystis represents the most widely distributed kelp genus, providing structure and energy for one of the most productive ecosystems on earth. Despite its ecological and economical importance, many aspects of its taxonomy, distribution and dispersal still remain unknown. Using different molecular...

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Main Author: Macaya Horta, Erasmo Carlos
Other Authors: Zuccarello, Joe
Format: Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis
Language:English
Published: Victoria University of Wellington 2010
Subjects:
Online Access:http://researcharchive.vuw.ac.nz/handle/10063/1495
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spelling ftvuwellington:oai:researcharchive.vuw.ac.nz:10063/1495 2023-08-15T12:38:35+02:00 Phylogeny, Connectivity and Dispersal Patterns of the Giant Kelp Macrocystis (Phaeophyceae) Macaya Horta, Erasmo Carlos Zuccarello, Joe 2010 http://researcharchive.vuw.ac.nz/handle/10063/1495 en_NZ eng Victoria University of Wellington http://researcharchive.vuw.ac.nz/handle/10063/1495 Connectivity Dispersal Macrocystis Text Doctoral 2010 ftvuwellington 2023-07-25T17:23:00Z Macrocystis represents the most widely distributed kelp genus, providing structure and energy for one of the most productive ecosystems on earth. Despite its ecological and economical importance, many aspects of its taxonomy, distribution and dispersal still remain unknown. Using different molecular markers I studied the taxonomy, phylogeography and dispersal patterns of Macrocystis. The analysis involves samples from different populations throughout the world. Using the DNA barcoding method I, confirmed previous suggestions that the genus must be considered as monospecific, M. pyrifera being the only species. The effects of historical and contemporary events on the haplotype distribution were determined by analyzing samples from the southeastern Pacific (SEP) using the atp8-S mitochondrial marker. The last glacial maximum as well as oceanographic anomalies (El Niño phenomena) may be important factors driving the genetic pattern along the SEP. The genetic structure in southern Chile was also analyzed in more detail, especially in the Chilean Fjords. Samples from attached and floating kelp individuals revealed that dispersal via kelp rafts is possible. Finally, a global analysis using COI sequences showed shared haplotypes along vast distances in the Northern and Southern hemispheres, recent dispersal and high gene flow can explain such genetic homogeneity. Additionally, microsatellite analysis confirmed that gene flow along the Southern Ocean is occurring over ecological time scales, where rafting of detached reproductive kelps seems to be facilitated by the Antarctic Circumpolar Current connecting populations in the Southern Hemisphere. This study has provided valuable genetic evidence to understand factors shaping the genetic structure of this important ecologically and economically species. It also contributes important knowledge for conservation and management strategies, especially in places where M. pyrifera has been harvested. In summary, the results of this study confirm previous suggestions of high gene ... Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis Antarc* Antarctic Southern Ocean Victoria University of Wellington: ResearchArchive Antarctic Pacific Southern Ocean The Antarctic
institution Open Polar
collection Victoria University of Wellington: ResearchArchive
op_collection_id ftvuwellington
language English
topic Connectivity
Dispersal
Macrocystis
spellingShingle Connectivity
Dispersal
Macrocystis
Macaya Horta, Erasmo Carlos
Phylogeny, Connectivity and Dispersal Patterns of the Giant Kelp Macrocystis (Phaeophyceae)
topic_facet Connectivity
Dispersal
Macrocystis
description Macrocystis represents the most widely distributed kelp genus, providing structure and energy for one of the most productive ecosystems on earth. Despite its ecological and economical importance, many aspects of its taxonomy, distribution and dispersal still remain unknown. Using different molecular markers I studied the taxonomy, phylogeography and dispersal patterns of Macrocystis. The analysis involves samples from different populations throughout the world. Using the DNA barcoding method I, confirmed previous suggestions that the genus must be considered as monospecific, M. pyrifera being the only species. The effects of historical and contemporary events on the haplotype distribution were determined by analyzing samples from the southeastern Pacific (SEP) using the atp8-S mitochondrial marker. The last glacial maximum as well as oceanographic anomalies (El Niño phenomena) may be important factors driving the genetic pattern along the SEP. The genetic structure in southern Chile was also analyzed in more detail, especially in the Chilean Fjords. Samples from attached and floating kelp individuals revealed that dispersal via kelp rafts is possible. Finally, a global analysis using COI sequences showed shared haplotypes along vast distances in the Northern and Southern hemispheres, recent dispersal and high gene flow can explain such genetic homogeneity. Additionally, microsatellite analysis confirmed that gene flow along the Southern Ocean is occurring over ecological time scales, where rafting of detached reproductive kelps seems to be facilitated by the Antarctic Circumpolar Current connecting populations in the Southern Hemisphere. This study has provided valuable genetic evidence to understand factors shaping the genetic structure of this important ecologically and economically species. It also contributes important knowledge for conservation and management strategies, especially in places where M. pyrifera has been harvested. In summary, the results of this study confirm previous suggestions of high gene ...
author2 Zuccarello, Joe
format Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis
author Macaya Horta, Erasmo Carlos
author_facet Macaya Horta, Erasmo Carlos
author_sort Macaya Horta, Erasmo Carlos
title Phylogeny, Connectivity and Dispersal Patterns of the Giant Kelp Macrocystis (Phaeophyceae)
title_short Phylogeny, Connectivity and Dispersal Patterns of the Giant Kelp Macrocystis (Phaeophyceae)
title_full Phylogeny, Connectivity and Dispersal Patterns of the Giant Kelp Macrocystis (Phaeophyceae)
title_fullStr Phylogeny, Connectivity and Dispersal Patterns of the Giant Kelp Macrocystis (Phaeophyceae)
title_full_unstemmed Phylogeny, Connectivity and Dispersal Patterns of the Giant Kelp Macrocystis (Phaeophyceae)
title_sort phylogeny, connectivity and dispersal patterns of the giant kelp macrocystis (phaeophyceae)
publisher Victoria University of Wellington
publishDate 2010
url http://researcharchive.vuw.ac.nz/handle/10063/1495
geographic Antarctic
Pacific
Southern Ocean
The Antarctic
geographic_facet Antarctic
Pacific
Southern Ocean
The Antarctic
genre Antarc*
Antarctic
Southern Ocean
genre_facet Antarc*
Antarctic
Southern Ocean
op_relation http://researcharchive.vuw.ac.nz/handle/10063/1495
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