Release of Black Carbon From Thawing Permafrost Estimated by Sequestration Fluxes in the East Siberian Arctic Shelf Recipient

• Published in: Global Biogeochemical Cycles
• Main Authors: Salvadó, Joan A., Bröder, Lisa, Andersson, August, Semiletov, Igor P., Gustafsson, Örjan
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: 2017
• Subjects: Arctic Ocean; black carbon; permafrost; /dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/life_below_water; name=SDG 14 - Life Below Water; Arctic; Global warming; Ice
• Online Access: https://research.vu.nl/en/publications/e8a2afc0-a80d-432f-8565-973192a78a4b; https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GB005693; https://hdl.handle.net/1871.1/e8a2afc0-a80d-432f-8565-973192a78a4b; http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85031747487&partnerID=8YFLogxK; http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85031747487&partnerID=8YFLogxK

Black carbon (BC) plays an important role in carbon burial in marine sediments globally. Yet the sequestration of BC in the Arctic Ocean is poorly understood. Here we assess the concentrations, fluxes, and sources of soot BC (SBC)—the most refractory component of BC—in sediments from the East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS), the World's largest shelf sea system. SBC concentrations in the contemporary shelf sediments range from 0.1 to 2.1 mg g −1 dw, corresponding to 2–12% of total organic carbon. The 210 Pb-derived fluxes of SBC (0.42–11 g m −2 yr −1 ) are higher or in the same range as fluxes reported for marine surface sediments closer to anthropogenic emissions. The total burial flux of SBC in the ESAS (~4,000 Gg yr −1 ) illustrates the great importance of this Arctic shelf in marine sequestration of SBC. The radiocarbon signal of the SBC shows more depleted yet also more uniform signatures (−721 to −896‰; average of −774 ± 62‰) than of the non-SBC pool (−304 to −728‰; average of −491 ± 163‰), suggesting that SBC is coming from an, on average, 5,900 ± 300 years older and more specific source than the non-SBC pool. We estimate that the atmospheric BC input to the ESAS is negligible (~0.6% of the SBC burial flux). Statistical source apportionment modeling suggests that the ESAS sedimentary SBC is remobilized by thawing of two permafrost carbon (PF/C) systems: surface soil permafrost (topsoil/PF; 25 ± 8%) and Pleistocene ice complex deposits (ICD/PF; 75 ± 8%). The SBC contribution to the total mobilized permafrost carbon (PF/C) increases with increasing distance from the coast (from 5 to 14%), indicating that the SBC is more recalcitrant than other forms of translocated PF/C. These results elucidate for the first time the key role of permafrost thaw in the transport of SBC to the Arctic Ocean. With ongoing global warming, these findings have implications for the biogeochemical carbon cycle, increasing the size of this refractory carbon pool in the Arctic Ocean.