State of the climate in 2015
In 2015, the dominant greenhouse gases released into Earth’s atmosphere—carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide—all continued to reach new high levels. At Mauna Loa, Hawaii, the annual CO2 concentration increased by a record 3.1 ppm, exceeding 400 ppm for the first time on record. The 2015 global...
Published in: | Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society |
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Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
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2016
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Online Access: | https://research.vu.nl/en/publications/c967bd3a-41ec-4c38-8f4b-bc03b797cf7b https://doi.org/10.1175/2016BAMSStateoftheClimate.1 https://hdl.handle.net/1871.1/c967bd3a-41ec-4c38-8f4b-bc03b797cf7b http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84986201515&partnerID=8YFLogxK http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84986201515&partnerID=8YFLogxK |
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Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU): Research Portal |
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/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/climate_action name=SDG 13 - Climate Action /dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/life_below_water name=SDG 14 - Life Below Water |
spellingShingle |
/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/climate_action name=SDG 13 - Climate Action /dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/life_below_water name=SDG 14 - Life Below Water Aaron-Morrison, Arlene P. Ackerman, Steven A. Adams, Nicolaus G. Adler, Robert F. Albanil, Adelina Alfaro, Eric J. Allan, Rob Alves, Lincoln M. Amador, Jorge A. Andreassen, L. M. Arendt, A. Arévalo, Juan Arndt, Derek S. Arzhanova, N. M. Aschan, M. M. Azorin-Molina, César Banzon, Viva Bardin, M. U. Barichivich, Jonathan Baringer, Molly O. Barreira, Sandra Baxter, Stephen Bazo, Juan Becker, Andreas Bedka, Kristopher M. Behrenfeld, Michael J. Bell, Gerald D. Belmont, M. Benedetti, Angela Bernhard, G. Berrisford, Paul Berry, David I. Bettolli, María L. Bhatt, Uma S. Bidegain, Mario Bill, Brian D. Billheimer, Sam Bissolli, Peter Blake, Eric S. Blunden, Jessica Bosilovich, Michael G. Boucher, Olivier Boudet, Dagne R. Box, Jason E. Boyer, Tim Braathen, Geir O. Bromwich, David H. Brown, R. Bulygina, Olga N. Burgess, D. Calderón, Blanca Camargo, Suzana J. Campbell, Jayaka D. Cappelen, J. Carrasco, Gualberto Carter, Brendan R. Chambers, Don P. Chandler, Elise Christiansen, Hanne H. Christy, John R. Chung, Daniel Chung, E.S. Cinque, Kathy Clem, Kyle R. Coelho, Caio A. Cogley, J.G. Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie Colwell, Steve Cooper, Owen R. Copland, L. Cosca, Catherine E. Cross, Jessica N. Crotwell, Molly J. Crouch, Jake Davis, Sean M. De Eyto, Elvira De Jeu, Richard A.M. De Laat, Jos Degasperi, Curtis L. Degenstein, Doug Demircan, M. Derksen, C. Destin, Dale Di Girolamo, Larry Di Giuseppe, F. Diamond, Howard J. Dlugokencky, Ed J. Dohan, Kathleen Dokulil, Martin T. Dolgov, A. V. Dolman, A. Johannes Domingues, Catia M. Donat, Markus G. Dong, Shenfu Dorigo, Wouter A. Dortch, Quay Doucette, Greg Drozdov, Dmitry S. Ducklow, Hugh Dunn, Robert J.H. Durán-Quesada, Ana M. Dutton, Geoff S. Ebrahim, A. Elkharrim, M. Elkins, James W. Espinoza, Jhan C. Etienne-Leblanc, Sheryl Evans, Thomas E. Famiglietti, James S. Farrell, S.A. Fateh, S. Fausto, Robert S. Fedaeff, Nava Feely, Richard A. Feng, Z. Fenimore, Chris Fettweis, Xavier Fioletov, Vitali E. Flemming, Johannes Fogarty, Chris T. Fogt, Ryan L. Folland, Chris Fonseca, C. Fossheim, M. Foster, Michael J. Fountain, Andrew Francis, S. D. Franz, Bryan A. Frey, Richard A. Frith, Stacey M. Froidevaux, Lucien Ganter, Catherine Garzoli, Silvia Gerland, S. Gobron, Nadine Goldenberg, Stanley B. Gomez, R. Sorbonne Goni, Gustavo J. Goto, A. Grooß, J. U. Gruber, Alexander Guard, Charles Chip Gugliemin, Mauro Gupta, S. K. Gutiérrez, J. M. Hagos, S. Hahn, Sebastian Haimberger, Leo Hakkarainen, J. Hall, Brad D. Halpert, Michael S. Hamlington, Benjamin D. Hanna, E.Y. Hansen, K. Hanssen-Bauer, I. Harris, Ian A Heidinger, Andrew K. Heikkilä, A. Heil, A. Heim, Richard R., Jr. Hendricks, S. Hernández, Marieta Hidalgo, Hugo G. Hilburn, Kyle Ho, Shu Peng Ben Holmes, R. Max Hu, Zeng Zhen Huang, Boyin Huelsing, Hannah K. Huffman, George J. Hughes, N.C. Hurst, Dale F. Ialongo, I. Ijampy, J. A. Ingvaldsen, R. B. Inness, Antje Isaksen, K. Ishii, Masayoshi Jevrejeva, Svetlana Jiménez, C. Jin, Xiangze Johannesen, E. John, Viju Borch-Johnsen, K. Johnson, Bryan Johnson, Gregory C. Jones, Philip D. Joseph, Annie C. Jumaux, Guillaume Kabidi, Khadija Kaiser, Johannes W. Kato, Seiji Kazemi, A. Keller, Linda M. Kendon, Mike Kennedy, John J. Kerr, Kenneth Kholodov, A. L. Khoshkam, Mahbobeh Killick, Rachel Kim, Hyungjun Kim, S. J. Kimberlain, Todd B. Klotzbach, Philip J. Knaff, John A. Kobayashi, Shinya Kohler, J. Korhonen, Johanna Korshunova, Natalia N. Kovacs, K.M. Kramarova, Natalya Kratz, David P. Kruger, Andries Kruk, Michael C. Kudela, Raphael Kumar, Arun Lakatos, M. Lakkala, K. Lander, Mark A. Landsea, Chris W. Lankhorst, Matthias Lantz, Kathleen Lazzara, Matthew A. Lemons, P. Leuliette, Eric L’Heureux, Michelle Lieser, Jan L. Lin, I. I. Liu, Hongxing Liu, Yinghui Locarnini, Ricardo Loeb, Norman G. Lo Monaco, Claire Long, Craig S. López Álvarez, Luis Alfonso Lorrey, Andrew M. Loyola, Diego Lumpkin, Rick Luo, Jing-Jia Luojus, K. Lydersen, C. Lyman, John M. Maberly, Stephen C. Maddux, Brent C. Malheiros Ramos, Andrea Malkova, G. V. Manney, G.L. Marcellin, Vernie Marchenko, Sergey Marengo, José A. Marra, John J. Marszelewski, Wlodzimierz Martens, B. Martínez-Güingla, Rodney Massom, Robert A. Mata, Mauricio M. Mathis, Jeremy T. May, Linda Mayer, Michael Mazloff, Matthew McBride, Charlotte McCabe, M.F. McCarthy, M. McClelland, J.W. McGree, Simon McVicar, Tim R. Mears, Carl A. Meier, Walt Meinen, Christopher S. Mekonnen, A. Menéndez, Melisa Mengistu Tsidu, G. Menzel, W. Paul Merchant, Christopher J. Meredith, Michael P. Merrifield, Mark A. Metzl, N. Minnis, Patrick Miralles, Diego G. Mistelbauer, T. Mitchum, Gary T. Monselesan, Didier Monteiro, Pedro M S Montzka, Stephen A. Morice, Colin Mote, Thomas Mudryk, L. Mühle, Jens Mullan, A. Brett Nash, Eric R. Naveira-Garabato, Alberto C. Nerem, Steven R. Newman, Paul A. Nieto, Juan José Noetzli, Jeannette O’Neel, S. Osborn, Tim J. Overland, James Oyunjargal, Lamjav Parinussa, Robert M. Park, E. Hyung Parker, David Parrington, M. Parsons, A. Rost Pasch, Richard J. Pascual-Ramírez, Reynaldo Paterson, Andrew M. Paulik, Christoph Pearce, Petra R. Pelto, Mauri S. Peng, Liang Perkins-Kirkpatrick, Sarah E. Perovich, Donald Petropavlovskikh, Irina Pezza, Alexandre B. Phillips, David Pinty, Bernard Pitts, Michael C. Pons, M. R. Porter, Avalon O. Primicerio, R. Proshutinsky, A. Quegan, Sean Quintana, Juan Rahimzadeh, Fatemeh Rajeevan, Madhavan Randriamarolaza, L. Razuvaev, Vyacheslav N. Reagan, James R. Reid, Phillip Reimer, Christoph Rémy, Samuel Renwick, James A. Revadekar, Jayashree V. Richter-Menge, Jacqueline Riffler, Michael Rimmer, Alon Rintoul, Steve Robinson, David A. Rodell, Matthew Rodríguez Solís, José L. Romanovsky, Vladimir E. Ronchail, Josyane Rosenlof, Karen H. Roth, Chris Rusak, James A. Sabine, Christopher L. Sallée, Jean Bapiste Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira Santee, Michelle L. Sawaengphokhai, P. Sayouri, Amal Scambos, Ted A. Schemm, Jae Schladow, S. Geoffrey Schmid, Claudia Schmid, Martin Schmidtko, Sunke Schreck, Carl J. Selkirk, H. B. Send, Uwe Sensoy, Serhat Setzer, Alberto Sharp, M. Shaw, Adrian Shi, Lei Shiklomanov, A. I. Shiklomanov, Nikolai I. Siegel, David A. Signorini, Sergio R. Sima, Fatou Simmons, Adrian J. Smeets, C. J.P.P. Smith, Sharon L. Spence, Jaqueline M. Srivastava, A. K. Stackhouse, Paul W., Jr. Stammerjohn, Sharon Steinbrecht, Wolfgang Stella, José L. Stengel, Martin Stennett-Brown, Roxann Stephenson, Tannecia S. Strahan, Susan Streletskiy, D. A. Sun-Mack, Sunny Swart, Sebastiaan Sweet, William Talley, Lynne D. Tamar, Gerard Tank, S.E. Taylor, Michael A. Tedesco, M. Teubner, Katrin Thoman, R. L. Thompson, Philip Thomson, L. Timmermans, M. L. Tirnanes, Joaquin A. Tobin, Skie Trachte, Katja Trainer, Vera L. Tretiakov, M. Trewin, Blair C. Trotman, Adrian R. Tschudi, M. van As, D. van de Wal, R.S.W. van der A, Ronald J. Van Der Schalie, Robin Van Der Schrier, Gerard Van Der Werf, Guido R. Van Meerbeeck, Cedric J. Velicogna, I. Verburg, Piet Vigneswaran, Bala Vincent, Lucie A. Volkov, Denis Vose, Russell S. Wagner, Wolfgang Wåhlin, Anna Wahr, John Walsh, John Wang, Chunzai Wang, Junhong Wang, Lei Wang, M. Wang, Sheng-Hung Wanninkhof, Rik Watanabe, Shohei Weber, Mark Weller, Robert A. Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A. Whitewood, Robert Wijffels, Susan E. Wilber, Anne C. Wild, Jeanette D. Willett, Kate M. Williams, Michael J.M. Willie, Shem Wolken, Gabriel Wong, Takmeng Wood, E. F. Woolway, R. Iestyn Wouters, B. Xue, Yan Yamada, Ryuji Yim, So Young Yin, Xungang Young, Steven H. Yu, Lisan Zahid, H. Zambrano, Eduardo Zhang, Peiqun Zhao, Guanguo Zhou, Lin Ziemke, Jerry R. Love-Brotak, S. Elizabeth Gilbert, Kristin Maycock, Tom Osborne, Susan Sprain, Mara Veasey, Sara W. Ambrose, Barbara J. Griffin, Jessicca Misch, Deborah J. Riddle, Deborah B. Young, Teresa State of the climate in 2015 |
topic_facet |
/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/climate_action name=SDG 13 - Climate Action /dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/life_below_water name=SDG 14 - Life Below Water |
description |
In 2015, the dominant greenhouse gases released into Earth’s atmosphere—carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide—all continued to reach new high levels. At Mauna Loa, Hawaii, the annual CO2 concentration increased by a record 3.1 ppm, exceeding 400 ppm for the first time on record. The 2015 global CO2 average neared this threshold, at 399.4 ppm. Additionally, one of the strongest El Niño events since at least 1950 developed in spring 2015 and continued to evolve through the year. The phenomenon was far reaching, impacting many regions across the globe and affecting most aspects of the climate system. Owing to the combination of El Niño and a long-term upward trend, Earth observed record warmth for the second consecutive year, with the 2015 annual global surface temperature surpassing the previous record by more than 0.1°C and exceeding the average for the mid- to late 19th century—commonly considered representative of preindustrial conditions—by more than 1°C for the first time. Above Earth’s surface, lower troposphere temperatures were near-record high. Across land surfaces, record to near-record warmth was reported across every inhabited continent. Twelve countries, including Russia and China, reported record high annual temperatures. In June, one of the most severe heat waves since 1980 affected Karachi, Pakistan, claiming over 1000 lives. On 27 October, Vredendal, South Africa, reached 48.4°C, a new global high temperature record for this month. In the Arctic, the 2015 land surface temperature was 1.2°C above the 1981–2010 average, tying 2007 and 2011 for the highest annual temperature and representing a 2.8°C increase since the record began in 1900. Increasing temperatures have led to decreasing Arctic sea ice extent and thickness. On 25 February 2015, the lowest maximum sea ice extent in the 37-year satellite record was observed, 7% below the 1981–2010 average. Mean sea surface temperatures across the Arctic Ocean during August in ice-free regions, representative of Arctic Ocean summer anomalies, ranged ... |
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Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Aaron-Morrison, Arlene P. Ackerman, Steven A. Adams, Nicolaus G. Adler, Robert F. Albanil, Adelina Alfaro, Eric J. Allan, Rob Alves, Lincoln M. Amador, Jorge A. Andreassen, L. M. Arendt, A. Arévalo, Juan Arndt, Derek S. Arzhanova, N. M. Aschan, M. M. Azorin-Molina, César Banzon, Viva Bardin, M. U. Barichivich, Jonathan Baringer, Molly O. Barreira, Sandra Baxter, Stephen Bazo, Juan Becker, Andreas Bedka, Kristopher M. Behrenfeld, Michael J. Bell, Gerald D. Belmont, M. Benedetti, Angela Bernhard, G. Berrisford, Paul Berry, David I. Bettolli, María L. Bhatt, Uma S. Bidegain, Mario Bill, Brian D. Billheimer, Sam Bissolli, Peter Blake, Eric S. Blunden, Jessica Bosilovich, Michael G. Boucher, Olivier Boudet, Dagne R. Box, Jason E. Boyer, Tim Braathen, Geir O. Bromwich, David H. Brown, R. Bulygina, Olga N. Burgess, D. Calderón, Blanca Camargo, Suzana J. Campbell, Jayaka D. Cappelen, J. Carrasco, Gualberto Carter, Brendan R. Chambers, Don P. Chandler, Elise Christiansen, Hanne H. Christy, John R. Chung, Daniel Chung, E.S. Cinque, Kathy Clem, Kyle R. Coelho, Caio A. Cogley, J.G. Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie Colwell, Steve Cooper, Owen R. Copland, L. Cosca, Catherine E. Cross, Jessica N. Crotwell, Molly J. Crouch, Jake Davis, Sean M. De Eyto, Elvira De Jeu, Richard A.M. De Laat, Jos Degasperi, Curtis L. Degenstein, Doug Demircan, M. Derksen, C. Destin, Dale Di Girolamo, Larry Di Giuseppe, F. Diamond, Howard J. Dlugokencky, Ed J. Dohan, Kathleen Dokulil, Martin T. Dolgov, A. V. Dolman, A. Johannes Domingues, Catia M. Donat, Markus G. Dong, Shenfu Dorigo, Wouter A. Dortch, Quay Doucette, Greg Drozdov, Dmitry S. Ducklow, Hugh Dunn, Robert J.H. Durán-Quesada, Ana M. Dutton, Geoff S. Ebrahim, A. Elkharrim, M. Elkins, James W. Espinoza, Jhan C. Etienne-Leblanc, Sheryl Evans, Thomas E. Famiglietti, James S. Farrell, S.A. Fateh, S. Fausto, Robert S. Fedaeff, Nava Feely, Richard A. Feng, Z. Fenimore, Chris Fettweis, Xavier Fioletov, Vitali E. Flemming, Johannes Fogarty, Chris T. Fogt, Ryan L. Folland, Chris Fonseca, C. Fossheim, M. Foster, Michael J. Fountain, Andrew Francis, S. D. Franz, Bryan A. Frey, Richard A. Frith, Stacey M. Froidevaux, Lucien Ganter, Catherine Garzoli, Silvia Gerland, S. Gobron, Nadine Goldenberg, Stanley B. Gomez, R. Sorbonne Goni, Gustavo J. Goto, A. Grooß, J. U. Gruber, Alexander Guard, Charles Chip Gugliemin, Mauro Gupta, S. K. Gutiérrez, J. M. Hagos, S. Hahn, Sebastian Haimberger, Leo Hakkarainen, J. Hall, Brad D. Halpert, Michael S. Hamlington, Benjamin D. Hanna, E.Y. Hansen, K. Hanssen-Bauer, I. Harris, Ian A Heidinger, Andrew K. Heikkilä, A. Heil, A. Heim, Richard R., Jr. Hendricks, S. Hernández, Marieta Hidalgo, Hugo G. Hilburn, Kyle Ho, Shu Peng Ben Holmes, R. Max Hu, Zeng Zhen Huang, Boyin Huelsing, Hannah K. Huffman, George J. Hughes, N.C. Hurst, Dale F. Ialongo, I. Ijampy, J. A. Ingvaldsen, R. B. Inness, Antje Isaksen, K. Ishii, Masayoshi Jevrejeva, Svetlana Jiménez, C. Jin, Xiangze Johannesen, E. John, Viju Borch-Johnsen, K. Johnson, Bryan Johnson, Gregory C. Jones, Philip D. Joseph, Annie C. Jumaux, Guillaume Kabidi, Khadija Kaiser, Johannes W. Kato, Seiji Kazemi, A. Keller, Linda M. Kendon, Mike Kennedy, John J. Kerr, Kenneth Kholodov, A. L. Khoshkam, Mahbobeh Killick, Rachel Kim, Hyungjun Kim, S. J. Kimberlain, Todd B. Klotzbach, Philip J. Knaff, John A. Kobayashi, Shinya Kohler, J. Korhonen, Johanna Korshunova, Natalia N. Kovacs, K.M. Kramarova, Natalya Kratz, David P. Kruger, Andries Kruk, Michael C. Kudela, Raphael Kumar, Arun Lakatos, M. Lakkala, K. Lander, Mark A. Landsea, Chris W. Lankhorst, Matthias Lantz, Kathleen Lazzara, Matthew A. Lemons, P. Leuliette, Eric L’Heureux, Michelle Lieser, Jan L. Lin, I. I. Liu, Hongxing Liu, Yinghui Locarnini, Ricardo Loeb, Norman G. Lo Monaco, Claire Long, Craig S. López Álvarez, Luis Alfonso Lorrey, Andrew M. Loyola, Diego Lumpkin, Rick Luo, Jing-Jia Luojus, K. Lydersen, C. Lyman, John M. Maberly, Stephen C. Maddux, Brent C. Malheiros Ramos, Andrea Malkova, G. V. Manney, G.L. Marcellin, Vernie Marchenko, Sergey Marengo, José A. Marra, John J. Marszelewski, Wlodzimierz Martens, B. Martínez-Güingla, Rodney Massom, Robert A. Mata, Mauricio M. Mathis, Jeremy T. May, Linda Mayer, Michael Mazloff, Matthew McBride, Charlotte McCabe, M.F. McCarthy, M. McClelland, J.W. McGree, Simon McVicar, Tim R. Mears, Carl A. Meier, Walt Meinen, Christopher S. Mekonnen, A. Menéndez, Melisa Mengistu Tsidu, G. Menzel, W. Paul Merchant, Christopher J. Meredith, Michael P. Merrifield, Mark A. Metzl, N. Minnis, Patrick Miralles, Diego G. Mistelbauer, T. Mitchum, Gary T. Monselesan, Didier Monteiro, Pedro M S Montzka, Stephen A. Morice, Colin Mote, Thomas Mudryk, L. Mühle, Jens Mullan, A. Brett Nash, Eric R. Naveira-Garabato, Alberto C. Nerem, Steven R. Newman, Paul A. Nieto, Juan José Noetzli, Jeannette O’Neel, S. Osborn, Tim J. Overland, James Oyunjargal, Lamjav Parinussa, Robert M. Park, E. Hyung Parker, David Parrington, M. Parsons, A. Rost Pasch, Richard J. Pascual-Ramírez, Reynaldo Paterson, Andrew M. Paulik, Christoph Pearce, Petra R. Pelto, Mauri S. Peng, Liang Perkins-Kirkpatrick, Sarah E. Perovich, Donald Petropavlovskikh, Irina Pezza, Alexandre B. Phillips, David Pinty, Bernard Pitts, Michael C. Pons, M. R. Porter, Avalon O. Primicerio, R. Proshutinsky, A. Quegan, Sean Quintana, Juan Rahimzadeh, Fatemeh Rajeevan, Madhavan Randriamarolaza, L. Razuvaev, Vyacheslav N. Reagan, James R. Reid, Phillip Reimer, Christoph Rémy, Samuel Renwick, James A. Revadekar, Jayashree V. Richter-Menge, Jacqueline Riffler, Michael Rimmer, Alon Rintoul, Steve Robinson, David A. Rodell, Matthew Rodríguez Solís, José L. Romanovsky, Vladimir E. Ronchail, Josyane Rosenlof, Karen H. Roth, Chris Rusak, James A. Sabine, Christopher L. Sallée, Jean Bapiste Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira Santee, Michelle L. Sawaengphokhai, P. Sayouri, Amal Scambos, Ted A. Schemm, Jae Schladow, S. Geoffrey Schmid, Claudia Schmid, Martin Schmidtko, Sunke Schreck, Carl J. Selkirk, H. B. Send, Uwe Sensoy, Serhat Setzer, Alberto Sharp, M. Shaw, Adrian Shi, Lei Shiklomanov, A. I. Shiklomanov, Nikolai I. Siegel, David A. Signorini, Sergio R. Sima, Fatou Simmons, Adrian J. Smeets, C. J.P.P. Smith, Sharon L. Spence, Jaqueline M. Srivastava, A. K. Stackhouse, Paul W., Jr. Stammerjohn, Sharon Steinbrecht, Wolfgang Stella, José L. Stengel, Martin Stennett-Brown, Roxann Stephenson, Tannecia S. Strahan, Susan Streletskiy, D. A. Sun-Mack, Sunny Swart, Sebastiaan Sweet, William Talley, Lynne D. Tamar, Gerard Tank, S.E. Taylor, Michael A. Tedesco, M. Teubner, Katrin Thoman, R. L. Thompson, Philip Thomson, L. Timmermans, M. L. Tirnanes, Joaquin A. Tobin, Skie Trachte, Katja Trainer, Vera L. Tretiakov, M. Trewin, Blair C. Trotman, Adrian R. Tschudi, M. van As, D. van de Wal, R.S.W. van der A, Ronald J. Van Der Schalie, Robin Van Der Schrier, Gerard Van Der Werf, Guido R. Van Meerbeeck, Cedric J. Velicogna, I. Verburg, Piet Vigneswaran, Bala Vincent, Lucie A. Volkov, Denis Vose, Russell S. Wagner, Wolfgang Wåhlin, Anna Wahr, John Walsh, John Wang, Chunzai Wang, Junhong Wang, Lei Wang, M. Wang, Sheng-Hung Wanninkhof, Rik Watanabe, Shohei Weber, Mark Weller, Robert A. Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A. Whitewood, Robert Wijffels, Susan E. Wilber, Anne C. Wild, Jeanette D. Willett, Kate M. Williams, Michael J.M. Willie, Shem Wolken, Gabriel Wong, Takmeng Wood, E. F. Woolway, R. Iestyn Wouters, B. Xue, Yan Yamada, Ryuji Yim, So Young Yin, Xungang Young, Steven H. Yu, Lisan Zahid, H. Zambrano, Eduardo Zhang, Peiqun Zhao, Guanguo Zhou, Lin Ziemke, Jerry R. Love-Brotak, S. Elizabeth Gilbert, Kristin Maycock, Tom Osborne, Susan Sprain, Mara Veasey, Sara W. Ambrose, Barbara J. Griffin, Jessicca Misch, Deborah J. Riddle, Deborah B. Young, Teresa |
author_facet |
Aaron-Morrison, Arlene P. Ackerman, Steven A. Adams, Nicolaus G. Adler, Robert F. Albanil, Adelina Alfaro, Eric J. Allan, Rob Alves, Lincoln M. Amador, Jorge A. Andreassen, L. M. Arendt, A. Arévalo, Juan Arndt, Derek S. Arzhanova, N. M. Aschan, M. M. Azorin-Molina, César Banzon, Viva Bardin, M. U. Barichivich, Jonathan Baringer, Molly O. Barreira, Sandra Baxter, Stephen Bazo, Juan Becker, Andreas Bedka, Kristopher M. Behrenfeld, Michael J. Bell, Gerald D. Belmont, M. Benedetti, Angela Bernhard, G. Berrisford, Paul Berry, David I. Bettolli, María L. Bhatt, Uma S. Bidegain, Mario Bill, Brian D. Billheimer, Sam Bissolli, Peter Blake, Eric S. Blunden, Jessica Bosilovich, Michael G. Boucher, Olivier Boudet, Dagne R. Box, Jason E. Boyer, Tim Braathen, Geir O. Bromwich, David H. Brown, R. Bulygina, Olga N. Burgess, D. Calderón, Blanca Camargo, Suzana J. Campbell, Jayaka D. Cappelen, J. Carrasco, Gualberto Carter, Brendan R. Chambers, Don P. Chandler, Elise Christiansen, Hanne H. Christy, John R. Chung, Daniel Chung, E.S. Cinque, Kathy Clem, Kyle R. Coelho, Caio A. Cogley, J.G. Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie Colwell, Steve Cooper, Owen R. Copland, L. Cosca, Catherine E. Cross, Jessica N. Crotwell, Molly J. Crouch, Jake Davis, Sean M. De Eyto, Elvira De Jeu, Richard A.M. De Laat, Jos Degasperi, Curtis L. Degenstein, Doug Demircan, M. Derksen, C. Destin, Dale Di Girolamo, Larry Di Giuseppe, F. Diamond, Howard J. Dlugokencky, Ed J. Dohan, Kathleen Dokulil, Martin T. Dolgov, A. V. Dolman, A. Johannes Domingues, Catia M. Donat, Markus G. Dong, Shenfu Dorigo, Wouter A. Dortch, Quay Doucette, Greg Drozdov, Dmitry S. Ducklow, Hugh Dunn, Robert J.H. Durán-Quesada, Ana M. Dutton, Geoff S. Ebrahim, A. Elkharrim, M. Elkins, James W. Espinoza, Jhan C. Etienne-Leblanc, Sheryl Evans, Thomas E. Famiglietti, James S. Farrell, S.A. Fateh, S. Fausto, Robert S. Fedaeff, Nava Feely, Richard A. Feng, Z. Fenimore, Chris Fettweis, Xavier Fioletov, Vitali E. Flemming, Johannes Fogarty, Chris T. Fogt, Ryan L. Folland, Chris Fonseca, C. Fossheim, M. Foster, Michael J. Fountain, Andrew Francis, S. D. Franz, Bryan A. Frey, Richard A. Frith, Stacey M. Froidevaux, Lucien Ganter, Catherine Garzoli, Silvia Gerland, S. Gobron, Nadine Goldenberg, Stanley B. Gomez, R. Sorbonne Goni, Gustavo J. Goto, A. Grooß, J. U. Gruber, Alexander Guard, Charles Chip Gugliemin, Mauro Gupta, S. K. Gutiérrez, J. M. Hagos, S. Hahn, Sebastian Haimberger, Leo Hakkarainen, J. Hall, Brad D. Halpert, Michael S. Hamlington, Benjamin D. Hanna, E.Y. Hansen, K. Hanssen-Bauer, I. Harris, Ian A Heidinger, Andrew K. Heikkilä, A. Heil, A. Heim, Richard R., Jr. Hendricks, S. Hernández, Marieta Hidalgo, Hugo G. Hilburn, Kyle Ho, Shu Peng Ben Holmes, R. Max Hu, Zeng Zhen Huang, Boyin Huelsing, Hannah K. Huffman, George J. Hughes, N.C. Hurst, Dale F. Ialongo, I. Ijampy, J. A. Ingvaldsen, R. B. Inness, Antje Isaksen, K. Ishii, Masayoshi Jevrejeva, Svetlana Jiménez, C. Jin, Xiangze Johannesen, E. John, Viju Borch-Johnsen, K. Johnson, Bryan Johnson, Gregory C. Jones, Philip D. Joseph, Annie C. Jumaux, Guillaume Kabidi, Khadija Kaiser, Johannes W. Kato, Seiji Kazemi, A. Keller, Linda M. Kendon, Mike Kennedy, John J. Kerr, Kenneth Kholodov, A. L. Khoshkam, Mahbobeh Killick, Rachel Kim, Hyungjun Kim, S. J. Kimberlain, Todd B. Klotzbach, Philip J. Knaff, John A. Kobayashi, Shinya Kohler, J. Korhonen, Johanna Korshunova, Natalia N. Kovacs, K.M. Kramarova, Natalya Kratz, David P. Kruger, Andries Kruk, Michael C. Kudela, Raphael Kumar, Arun Lakatos, M. Lakkala, K. Lander, Mark A. Landsea, Chris W. Lankhorst, Matthias Lantz, Kathleen Lazzara, Matthew A. Lemons, P. Leuliette, Eric L’Heureux, Michelle Lieser, Jan L. Lin, I. I. Liu, Hongxing Liu, Yinghui Locarnini, Ricardo Loeb, Norman G. Lo Monaco, Claire Long, Craig S. López Álvarez, Luis Alfonso Lorrey, Andrew M. Loyola, Diego Lumpkin, Rick Luo, Jing-Jia Luojus, K. Lydersen, C. Lyman, John M. Maberly, Stephen C. Maddux, Brent C. Malheiros Ramos, Andrea Malkova, G. V. Manney, G.L. Marcellin, Vernie Marchenko, Sergey Marengo, José A. Marra, John J. Marszelewski, Wlodzimierz Martens, B. Martínez-Güingla, Rodney Massom, Robert A. Mata, Mauricio M. Mathis, Jeremy T. May, Linda Mayer, Michael Mazloff, Matthew McBride, Charlotte McCabe, M.F. McCarthy, M. McClelland, J.W. McGree, Simon McVicar, Tim R. Mears, Carl A. Meier, Walt Meinen, Christopher S. Mekonnen, A. Menéndez, Melisa Mengistu Tsidu, G. Menzel, W. Paul Merchant, Christopher J. Meredith, Michael P. Merrifield, Mark A. Metzl, N. Minnis, Patrick Miralles, Diego G. Mistelbauer, T. Mitchum, Gary T. Monselesan, Didier Monteiro, Pedro M S Montzka, Stephen A. Morice, Colin Mote, Thomas Mudryk, L. Mühle, Jens Mullan, A. Brett Nash, Eric R. Naveira-Garabato, Alberto C. Nerem, Steven R. Newman, Paul A. Nieto, Juan José Noetzli, Jeannette O’Neel, S. Osborn, Tim J. Overland, James Oyunjargal, Lamjav Parinussa, Robert M. Park, E. Hyung Parker, David Parrington, M. Parsons, A. Rost Pasch, Richard J. Pascual-Ramírez, Reynaldo Paterson, Andrew M. Paulik, Christoph Pearce, Petra R. Pelto, Mauri S. Peng, Liang Perkins-Kirkpatrick, Sarah E. Perovich, Donald Petropavlovskikh, Irina Pezza, Alexandre B. Phillips, David Pinty, Bernard Pitts, Michael C. Pons, M. R. Porter, Avalon O. Primicerio, R. Proshutinsky, A. Quegan, Sean Quintana, Juan Rahimzadeh, Fatemeh Rajeevan, Madhavan Randriamarolaza, L. Razuvaev, Vyacheslav N. Reagan, James R. Reid, Phillip Reimer, Christoph Rémy, Samuel Renwick, James A. Revadekar, Jayashree V. Richter-Menge, Jacqueline Riffler, Michael Rimmer, Alon Rintoul, Steve Robinson, David A. Rodell, Matthew Rodríguez Solís, José L. Romanovsky, Vladimir E. Ronchail, Josyane Rosenlof, Karen H. Roth, Chris Rusak, James A. Sabine, Christopher L. Sallée, Jean Bapiste Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira Santee, Michelle L. Sawaengphokhai, P. Sayouri, Amal Scambos, Ted A. Schemm, Jae Schladow, S. Geoffrey Schmid, Claudia Schmid, Martin Schmidtko, Sunke Schreck, Carl J. Selkirk, H. B. Send, Uwe Sensoy, Serhat Setzer, Alberto Sharp, M. Shaw, Adrian Shi, Lei Shiklomanov, A. I. Shiklomanov, Nikolai I. Siegel, David A. Signorini, Sergio R. Sima, Fatou Simmons, Adrian J. Smeets, C. J.P.P. Smith, Sharon L. Spence, Jaqueline M. Srivastava, A. K. Stackhouse, Paul W., Jr. Stammerjohn, Sharon Steinbrecht, Wolfgang Stella, José L. Stengel, Martin Stennett-Brown, Roxann Stephenson, Tannecia S. Strahan, Susan Streletskiy, D. A. Sun-Mack, Sunny Swart, Sebastiaan Sweet, William Talley, Lynne D. Tamar, Gerard Tank, S.E. Taylor, Michael A. Tedesco, M. Teubner, Katrin Thoman, R. L. Thompson, Philip Thomson, L. Timmermans, M. L. Tirnanes, Joaquin A. Tobin, Skie Trachte, Katja Trainer, Vera L. Tretiakov, M. Trewin, Blair C. Trotman, Adrian R. Tschudi, M. van As, D. van de Wal, R.S.W. van der A, Ronald J. Van Der Schalie, Robin Van Der Schrier, Gerard Van Der Werf, Guido R. Van Meerbeeck, Cedric J. Velicogna, I. Verburg, Piet Vigneswaran, Bala Vincent, Lucie A. Volkov, Denis Vose, Russell S. Wagner, Wolfgang Wåhlin, Anna Wahr, John Walsh, John Wang, Chunzai Wang, Junhong Wang, Lei Wang, M. Wang, Sheng-Hung Wanninkhof, Rik Watanabe, Shohei Weber, Mark Weller, Robert A. Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A. Whitewood, Robert Wijffels, Susan E. Wilber, Anne C. Wild, Jeanette D. Willett, Kate M. Williams, Michael J.M. Willie, Shem Wolken, Gabriel Wong, Takmeng Wood, E. F. Woolway, R. Iestyn Wouters, B. Xue, Yan Yamada, Ryuji Yim, So Young Yin, Xungang Young, Steven H. Yu, Lisan Zahid, H. Zambrano, Eduardo Zhang, Peiqun Zhao, Guanguo Zhou, Lin Ziemke, Jerry R. Love-Brotak, S. Elizabeth Gilbert, Kristin Maycock, Tom Osborne, Susan Sprain, Mara Veasey, Sara W. Ambrose, Barbara J. Griffin, Jessicca Misch, Deborah J. Riddle, Deborah B. Young, Teresa |
author_sort |
Aaron-Morrison, Arlene P. |
title |
State of the climate in 2015 |
title_short |
State of the climate in 2015 |
title_full |
State of the climate in 2015 |
title_fullStr |
State of the climate in 2015 |
title_full_unstemmed |
State of the climate in 2015 |
title_sort |
state of the climate in 2015 |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
https://research.vu.nl/en/publications/c967bd3a-41ec-4c38-8f4b-bc03b797cf7b https://doi.org/10.1175/2016BAMSStateoftheClimate.1 https://hdl.handle.net/1871.1/c967bd3a-41ec-4c38-8f4b-bc03b797cf7b http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84986201515&partnerID=8YFLogxK http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84986201515&partnerID=8YFLogxK |
geographic |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean |
genre |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Sea ice |
genre_facet |
Arctic Arctic Ocean Sea ice |
op_source |
Aaron-Morrison , A P , Ackerman , S A , Adams , N G , Adler , R F , Albanil , A , Alfaro , E J , Allan , R , Alves , L M , Amador , J A , Andreassen , L M , Arendt , A , Arévalo , J , Arndt , D S , Arzhanova , N M , Aschan , M M , Azorin-Molina , C , Banzon , V , Bardin , M U , Barichivich , J , Baringer , M O , Barreira , S , Baxter , S , Bazo , J , Becker , A , Bedka , K M , Behrenfeld , M J , Bell , G D , Belmont , M , Benedetti , A , Bernhard , G , Berrisford , P , Berry , D I , Bettolli , M L , Bhatt , U S , Bidegain , M , Bill , B D , Billheimer , S , Bissolli , P , Blake , E S , Blunden , J , Bosilovich , M G , Boucher , O , Boudet , D R , Box , J E , Boyer , T , Braathen , G O , Bromwich , D H , Brown , R , Bulygina , O N , Burgess , D , Calderón , B , Camargo , S J , Campbell , J D , Cappelen , J , Carrasco , G , Carter , B R , Chambers , D P , Chandler , E , Christiansen , H H , Christy , J R , Chung , D , Chung , E S , Cinque , K , Clem , K R , Coelho , C A , Cogley , J G , Coldewey-Egbers , M , Colwell , S , Cooper , O R , Copland , L , Cosca , C E , Cross , J N , Crotwell , M J , Crouch , J , Davis , S M , De Eyto , E , De Jeu , R A M , De Laat , J , Degasperi , C L , Degenstein , D , Demircan , M , Derksen , C , Destin , D , Di Girolamo , L , Di Giuseppe , F , Diamond , H J , Dlugokencky , E J , Dohan , K , Dokulil , M T , Dolgov , A V , Dolman , A J , Domingues , C M , Donat , M G , Dong , S , Dorigo , W A , Dortch , Q , Doucette , G , Drozdov , D S , Ducklow , H , Dunn , R J H , Durán-Quesada , A M , Dutton , G S , Ebrahim , A , Elkharrim , M , Elkins , J W , Espinoza , J C , Etienne-Leblanc , S , Evans , T E , Famiglietti , J S , Farrell , S A , Fateh , S , Fausto , R S , Fedaeff , N , Feely , R A , Feng , Z , Fenimore , C , Fettweis , X , Fioletov , V E , Flemming , J , Fogarty , C T , Fogt , R L , Folland , C , Fonseca , C , Fossheim , M , Foster , M J , Fountain , A , Francis , S D , Franz , B A , Frey , R A , Frith , S M , Froidevaux , L , Gante |
op_relation |
https://research.vu.nl/en/publications/c967bd3a-41ec-4c38-8f4b-bc03b797cf7b |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1175/2016BAMSStateoftheClimate.1 |
container_title |
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society |
container_volume |
97 |
container_issue |
8 |
container_start_page |
Si |
op_container_end_page |
S275 |
_version_ |
1811635248956440576 |
spelling |
ftvuamstcris:oai:research.vu.nl:publications/c967bd3a-41ec-4c38-8f4b-bc03b797cf7b 2024-09-30T14:30:14+00:00 State of the climate in 2015 Aaron-Morrison, Arlene P. Ackerman, Steven A. Adams, Nicolaus G. Adler, Robert F. Albanil, Adelina Alfaro, Eric J. Allan, Rob Alves, Lincoln M. Amador, Jorge A. Andreassen, L. M. Arendt, A. Arévalo, Juan Arndt, Derek S. Arzhanova, N. M. Aschan, M. M. Azorin-Molina, César Banzon, Viva Bardin, M. U. Barichivich, Jonathan Baringer, Molly O. Barreira, Sandra Baxter, Stephen Bazo, Juan Becker, Andreas Bedka, Kristopher M. Behrenfeld, Michael J. Bell, Gerald D. Belmont, M. Benedetti, Angela Bernhard, G. Berrisford, Paul Berry, David I. Bettolli, María L. Bhatt, Uma S. Bidegain, Mario Bill, Brian D. Billheimer, Sam Bissolli, Peter Blake, Eric S. Blunden, Jessica Bosilovich, Michael G. Boucher, Olivier Boudet, Dagne R. Box, Jason E. Boyer, Tim Braathen, Geir O. Bromwich, David H. Brown, R. Bulygina, Olga N. Burgess, D. Calderón, Blanca Camargo, Suzana J. Campbell, Jayaka D. Cappelen, J. Carrasco, Gualberto Carter, Brendan R. Chambers, Don P. Chandler, Elise Christiansen, Hanne H. Christy, John R. Chung, Daniel Chung, E.S. Cinque, Kathy Clem, Kyle R. Coelho, Caio A. Cogley, J.G. Coldewey-Egbers, Melanie Colwell, Steve Cooper, Owen R. Copland, L. Cosca, Catherine E. Cross, Jessica N. Crotwell, Molly J. Crouch, Jake Davis, Sean M. De Eyto, Elvira De Jeu, Richard A.M. De Laat, Jos Degasperi, Curtis L. Degenstein, Doug Demircan, M. Derksen, C. Destin, Dale Di Girolamo, Larry Di Giuseppe, F. Diamond, Howard J. Dlugokencky, Ed J. Dohan, Kathleen Dokulil, Martin T. Dolgov, A. V. Dolman, A. Johannes Domingues, Catia M. Donat, Markus G. Dong, Shenfu Dorigo, Wouter A. Dortch, Quay Doucette, Greg Drozdov, Dmitry S. Ducklow, Hugh Dunn, Robert J.H. Durán-Quesada, Ana M. Dutton, Geoff S. Ebrahim, A. Elkharrim, M. Elkins, James W. Espinoza, Jhan C. Etienne-Leblanc, Sheryl Evans, Thomas E. Famiglietti, James S. Farrell, S.A. Fateh, S. Fausto, Robert S. Fedaeff, Nava Feely, Richard A. Feng, Z. Fenimore, Chris Fettweis, Xavier Fioletov, Vitali E. Flemming, Johannes Fogarty, Chris T. Fogt, Ryan L. Folland, Chris Fonseca, C. Fossheim, M. Foster, Michael J. Fountain, Andrew Francis, S. D. Franz, Bryan A. Frey, Richard A. Frith, Stacey M. Froidevaux, Lucien Ganter, Catherine Garzoli, Silvia Gerland, S. Gobron, Nadine Goldenberg, Stanley B. Gomez, R. Sorbonne Goni, Gustavo J. Goto, A. Grooß, J. U. Gruber, Alexander Guard, Charles Chip Gugliemin, Mauro Gupta, S. K. Gutiérrez, J. M. Hagos, S. Hahn, Sebastian Haimberger, Leo Hakkarainen, J. Hall, Brad D. Halpert, Michael S. Hamlington, Benjamin D. Hanna, E.Y. Hansen, K. Hanssen-Bauer, I. Harris, Ian A Heidinger, Andrew K. Heikkilä, A. Heil, A. Heim, Richard R., Jr. Hendricks, S. Hernández, Marieta Hidalgo, Hugo G. Hilburn, Kyle Ho, Shu Peng Ben Holmes, R. Max Hu, Zeng Zhen Huang, Boyin Huelsing, Hannah K. Huffman, George J. Hughes, N.C. Hurst, Dale F. Ialongo, I. Ijampy, J. A. Ingvaldsen, R. B. Inness, Antje Isaksen, K. Ishii, Masayoshi Jevrejeva, Svetlana Jiménez, C. Jin, Xiangze Johannesen, E. John, Viju Borch-Johnsen, K. Johnson, Bryan Johnson, Gregory C. Jones, Philip D. Joseph, Annie C. Jumaux, Guillaume Kabidi, Khadija Kaiser, Johannes W. Kato, Seiji Kazemi, A. Keller, Linda M. Kendon, Mike Kennedy, John J. Kerr, Kenneth Kholodov, A. L. Khoshkam, Mahbobeh Killick, Rachel Kim, Hyungjun Kim, S. J. Kimberlain, Todd B. Klotzbach, Philip J. Knaff, John A. Kobayashi, Shinya Kohler, J. Korhonen, Johanna Korshunova, Natalia N. Kovacs, K.M. Kramarova, Natalya Kratz, David P. Kruger, Andries Kruk, Michael C. Kudela, Raphael Kumar, Arun Lakatos, M. Lakkala, K. Lander, Mark A. Landsea, Chris W. Lankhorst, Matthias Lantz, Kathleen Lazzara, Matthew A. Lemons, P. Leuliette, Eric L’Heureux, Michelle Lieser, Jan L. Lin, I. I. Liu, Hongxing Liu, Yinghui Locarnini, Ricardo Loeb, Norman G. Lo Monaco, Claire Long, Craig S. López Álvarez, Luis Alfonso Lorrey, Andrew M. Loyola, Diego Lumpkin, Rick Luo, Jing-Jia Luojus, K. Lydersen, C. Lyman, John M. Maberly, Stephen C. Maddux, Brent C. Malheiros Ramos, Andrea Malkova, G. V. Manney, G.L. Marcellin, Vernie Marchenko, Sergey Marengo, José A. Marra, John J. Marszelewski, Wlodzimierz Martens, B. Martínez-Güingla, Rodney Massom, Robert A. Mata, Mauricio M. Mathis, Jeremy T. May, Linda Mayer, Michael Mazloff, Matthew McBride, Charlotte McCabe, M.F. McCarthy, M. McClelland, J.W. McGree, Simon McVicar, Tim R. Mears, Carl A. Meier, Walt Meinen, Christopher S. Mekonnen, A. Menéndez, Melisa Mengistu Tsidu, G. Menzel, W. Paul Merchant, Christopher J. Meredith, Michael P. Merrifield, Mark A. Metzl, N. Minnis, Patrick Miralles, Diego G. Mistelbauer, T. Mitchum, Gary T. Monselesan, Didier Monteiro, Pedro M S Montzka, Stephen A. Morice, Colin Mote, Thomas Mudryk, L. Mühle, Jens Mullan, A. Brett Nash, Eric R. Naveira-Garabato, Alberto C. Nerem, Steven R. Newman, Paul A. Nieto, Juan José Noetzli, Jeannette O’Neel, S. Osborn, Tim J. Overland, James Oyunjargal, Lamjav Parinussa, Robert M. Park, E. Hyung Parker, David Parrington, M. Parsons, A. Rost Pasch, Richard J. Pascual-Ramírez, Reynaldo Paterson, Andrew M. Paulik, Christoph Pearce, Petra R. Pelto, Mauri S. Peng, Liang Perkins-Kirkpatrick, Sarah E. Perovich, Donald Petropavlovskikh, Irina Pezza, Alexandre B. Phillips, David Pinty, Bernard Pitts, Michael C. Pons, M. R. Porter, Avalon O. Primicerio, R. Proshutinsky, A. Quegan, Sean Quintana, Juan Rahimzadeh, Fatemeh Rajeevan, Madhavan Randriamarolaza, L. Razuvaev, Vyacheslav N. Reagan, James R. Reid, Phillip Reimer, Christoph Rémy, Samuel Renwick, James A. Revadekar, Jayashree V. Richter-Menge, Jacqueline Riffler, Michael Rimmer, Alon Rintoul, Steve Robinson, David A. Rodell, Matthew Rodríguez Solís, José L. Romanovsky, Vladimir E. Ronchail, Josyane Rosenlof, Karen H. Roth, Chris Rusak, James A. Sabine, Christopher L. Sallée, Jean Bapiste Sánchez-Lugo, Ahira Santee, Michelle L. Sawaengphokhai, P. Sayouri, Amal Scambos, Ted A. Schemm, Jae Schladow, S. Geoffrey Schmid, Claudia Schmid, Martin Schmidtko, Sunke Schreck, Carl J. Selkirk, H. B. Send, Uwe Sensoy, Serhat Setzer, Alberto Sharp, M. Shaw, Adrian Shi, Lei Shiklomanov, A. I. Shiklomanov, Nikolai I. Siegel, David A. Signorini, Sergio R. Sima, Fatou Simmons, Adrian J. Smeets, C. J.P.P. Smith, Sharon L. Spence, Jaqueline M. Srivastava, A. K. Stackhouse, Paul W., Jr. Stammerjohn, Sharon Steinbrecht, Wolfgang Stella, José L. Stengel, Martin Stennett-Brown, Roxann Stephenson, Tannecia S. Strahan, Susan Streletskiy, D. A. Sun-Mack, Sunny Swart, Sebastiaan Sweet, William Talley, Lynne D. Tamar, Gerard Tank, S.E. Taylor, Michael A. Tedesco, M. Teubner, Katrin Thoman, R. L. Thompson, Philip Thomson, L. Timmermans, M. L. Tirnanes, Joaquin A. Tobin, Skie Trachte, Katja Trainer, Vera L. Tretiakov, M. Trewin, Blair C. Trotman, Adrian R. Tschudi, M. van As, D. van de Wal, R.S.W. van der A, Ronald J. Van Der Schalie, Robin Van Der Schrier, Gerard Van Der Werf, Guido R. Van Meerbeeck, Cedric J. Velicogna, I. Verburg, Piet Vigneswaran, Bala Vincent, Lucie A. Volkov, Denis Vose, Russell S. Wagner, Wolfgang Wåhlin, Anna Wahr, John Walsh, John Wang, Chunzai Wang, Junhong Wang, Lei Wang, M. Wang, Sheng-Hung Wanninkhof, Rik Watanabe, Shohei Weber, Mark Weller, Robert A. Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A. Whitewood, Robert Wijffels, Susan E. Wilber, Anne C. Wild, Jeanette D. Willett, Kate M. Williams, Michael J.M. Willie, Shem Wolken, Gabriel Wong, Takmeng Wood, E. F. Woolway, R. Iestyn Wouters, B. Xue, Yan Yamada, Ryuji Yim, So Young Yin, Xungang Young, Steven H. Yu, Lisan Zahid, H. Zambrano, Eduardo Zhang, Peiqun Zhao, Guanguo Zhou, Lin Ziemke, Jerry R. Love-Brotak, S. Elizabeth Gilbert, Kristin Maycock, Tom Osborne, Susan Sprain, Mara Veasey, Sara W. Ambrose, Barbara J. Griffin, Jessicca Misch, Deborah J. Riddle, Deborah B. Young, Teresa 2016-08-01 https://research.vu.nl/en/publications/c967bd3a-41ec-4c38-8f4b-bc03b797cf7b https://doi.org/10.1175/2016BAMSStateoftheClimate.1 https://hdl.handle.net/1871.1/c967bd3a-41ec-4c38-8f4b-bc03b797cf7b http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84986201515&partnerID=8YFLogxK http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84986201515&partnerID=8YFLogxK eng eng https://research.vu.nl/en/publications/c967bd3a-41ec-4c38-8f4b-bc03b797cf7b info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Aaron-Morrison , A P , Ackerman , S A , Adams , N G , Adler , R F , Albanil , A , Alfaro , E J , Allan , R , Alves , L M , Amador , J A , Andreassen , L M , Arendt , A , Arévalo , J , Arndt , D S , Arzhanova , N M , Aschan , M M , Azorin-Molina , C , Banzon , V , Bardin , M U , Barichivich , J , Baringer , M O , Barreira , S , Baxter , S , Bazo , J , Becker , A , Bedka , K M , Behrenfeld , M J , Bell , G D , Belmont , M , Benedetti , A , Bernhard , G , Berrisford , P , Berry , D I , Bettolli , M L , Bhatt , U S , Bidegain , M , Bill , B D , Billheimer , S , Bissolli , P , Blake , E S , Blunden , J , Bosilovich , M G , Boucher , O , Boudet , D R , Box , J E , Boyer , T , Braathen , G O , Bromwich , D H , Brown , R , Bulygina , O N , Burgess , D , Calderón , B , Camargo , S J , Campbell , J D , Cappelen , J , Carrasco , G , Carter , B R , Chambers , D P , Chandler , E , Christiansen , H H , Christy , J R , Chung , D , Chung , E S , Cinque , K , Clem , K R , Coelho , C A , Cogley , J G , Coldewey-Egbers , M , Colwell , S , Cooper , O R , Copland , L , Cosca , C E , Cross , J N , Crotwell , M J , Crouch , J , Davis , S M , De Eyto , E , De Jeu , R A M , De Laat , J , Degasperi , C L , Degenstein , D , Demircan , M , Derksen , C , Destin , D , Di Girolamo , L , Di Giuseppe , F , Diamond , H J , Dlugokencky , E J , Dohan , K , Dokulil , M T , Dolgov , A V , Dolman , A J , Domingues , C M , Donat , M G , Dong , S , Dorigo , W A , Dortch , Q , Doucette , G , Drozdov , D S , Ducklow , H , Dunn , R J H , Durán-Quesada , A M , Dutton , G S , Ebrahim , A , Elkharrim , M , Elkins , J W , Espinoza , J C , Etienne-Leblanc , S , Evans , T E , Famiglietti , J S , Farrell , S A , Fateh , S , Fausto , R S , Fedaeff , N , Feely , R A , Feng , Z , Fenimore , C , Fettweis , X , Fioletov , V E , Flemming , J , Fogarty , C T , Fogt , R L , Folland , C , Fonseca , C , Fossheim , M , Foster , M J , Fountain , A , Francis , S D , Franz , B A , Frey , R A , Frith , S M , Froidevaux , L , Gante /dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/climate_action name=SDG 13 - Climate Action /dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/life_below_water name=SDG 14 - Life Below Water article 2016 ftvuamstcris https://doi.org/10.1175/2016BAMSStateoftheClimate.1 2024-09-12T00:17:36Z In 2015, the dominant greenhouse gases released into Earth’s atmosphere—carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide—all continued to reach new high levels. At Mauna Loa, Hawaii, the annual CO2 concentration increased by a record 3.1 ppm, exceeding 400 ppm for the first time on record. The 2015 global CO2 average neared this threshold, at 399.4 ppm. Additionally, one of the strongest El Niño events since at least 1950 developed in spring 2015 and continued to evolve through the year. The phenomenon was far reaching, impacting many regions across the globe and affecting most aspects of the climate system. Owing to the combination of El Niño and a long-term upward trend, Earth observed record warmth for the second consecutive year, with the 2015 annual global surface temperature surpassing the previous record by more than 0.1°C and exceeding the average for the mid- to late 19th century—commonly considered representative of preindustrial conditions—by more than 1°C for the first time. Above Earth’s surface, lower troposphere temperatures were near-record high. Across land surfaces, record to near-record warmth was reported across every inhabited continent. Twelve countries, including Russia and China, reported record high annual temperatures. In June, one of the most severe heat waves since 1980 affected Karachi, Pakistan, claiming over 1000 lives. On 27 October, Vredendal, South Africa, reached 48.4°C, a new global high temperature record for this month. In the Arctic, the 2015 land surface temperature was 1.2°C above the 1981–2010 average, tying 2007 and 2011 for the highest annual temperature and representing a 2.8°C increase since the record began in 1900. Increasing temperatures have led to decreasing Arctic sea ice extent and thickness. On 25 February 2015, the lowest maximum sea ice extent in the 37-year satellite record was observed, 7% below the 1981–2010 average. Mean sea surface temperatures across the Arctic Ocean during August in ice-free regions, representative of Arctic Ocean summer anomalies, ranged ... Article in Journal/Newspaper Arctic Arctic Ocean Sea ice Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU): Research Portal Arctic Arctic Ocean Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 97 8 Si S275 |