Temperature sensitivity of peatland C and N cycling: does substrate supply play a role?

• Published in: Soil Biology and Biochemistry
• Main Authors: Weedon, J.T., Aerts, R., Kowalchuk, G.A., van Logtestijn, R.S.P, Andringa, D., van Bodegom, P.M.
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: 2013
• Subjects: Arctic; Climate change; Global warming
• Online Access: https://research.vu.nl/en/publications/839d6b40-e5bc-4f45-8b2c-763e1966138e; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.02.019; http://hdl.handle.net/1871.1/839d6b40-e5bc-4f45-8b2c-763e1966138e

Northern peatlands constitute an important component of the global carbon (C) cycle due to their long-term accumulation of soil organic matter. This function as a carbon sink is partly dependent on low temperatures limiting decomposition and nutrient cycling, so global warming has the potential to alter the C balance of these systems and feedback to climate change. Field observations have shown that peatland organic matter decomposition, ecosystem respiration and nitrogen cycling are closely related processes that show a large degree of temperature sensitivity. In the current study, we investigated whether seasonal dynamics of substrate input may be an indirect mechanism accounting for this observed sensitivity. We carried out a 60-day mesocosm incubation experiment with sub-arctic peat soil to compare the direct effects of temperature increase with the indirect effects of increased microbial- or plant-derived organic matter input on key soil C and N cycling processes and substrate pools. Additions of dead microbial cells led to an 83% increase in organic N pool sizes, 16-64% increases in the potential activities of most soil enzymes, a transient increase in the relative abundance of β-proteobacteria, and a decrease in the relative abundance of α-proteo-, Actino- and Acido-bacteria. Neither the addition of plant root litter, nor a 5 °C alteration in incubation temperatures, had comparable effects on these parameters. Peat respiration was positively affected by both substrate addition (20-46% increase) and higher incubation temperatures (34-38% increase), but the temperature-only effect was not sufficient to account for the increases in respiration observed in field experiments. Thus, it appears that warming effects on C and N cycle processes can potentially be driven by indirect effects, with alterations to the seasonal flux of microbe-derived organic matter a particularly potent mechanism. The high temperature sensitivity of decomposition and respiration may therefore be largely a result of warming-induced changes in substrate supply rates. We propose that climate change models of soil carbon and nitrogen cycling should seek to incorporate realistic microbial biomass dynamics. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.