Nordic Europe

• Main Authors: Lindgård, Jan, Grelk, B., Wigum, Børge J., Trägårdh, J., Appelqvist, Karin, Holt, Erika, Ferreira, Miguel, Leivo, Markku
• Other Authors: Sims, Ian, Poole, Alan
• Format: Book Part
• Language: English
• Published: CRC Press 2017
• Subjects: Norway; Iceland
• Online Access: https://cris.vtt.fi/en/publications/b90f852c-dacb-4659-9f39-281f20f416a7; https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315708959; http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85040590932&partnerID=8YFLogxK

The history of alkali-aggregate reactions and the geology are quite different Nordic Europe, which includes Denmark, Iceland, Norway, Sweden and Finland. In 1951, the Danish National Institute of Building Research (DNIBR) started a preliminary investigation of approximately 200 concrete structures in Denmark, to see whether observed phenomena of deterioration could be traced to reactions between alkalis and reactive silica of the aggregate. Signs of premature deterioration in concrete structures that could be related to ASR can generally be detected during routine site inspections. The principal test method used in Iceland for evaluating ASR has been the well-known ASTM C227 (2010) mortar-bar method. In 1996, the Norwegian Concrete Association prepared publication no. 21 (NB21), giving guidelines for handling ASR in Norway. Severe ASR damage in Sweden has been found in several concrete dams and bridges, which have been exposed to aggravating de-icing salts. Finnish geological experts should give a statement about the suitability of the aggregates for concrete.