Black carbon measurements using different marine fuels

• Main Authors: Aakko-Saksa, Päivi, Murtonen, timo, Vesala, Hannu, Koponen, Päivi, Nyyssönen, Sami, Puustinen, Harri, Lehtoranta, Kati, Timonen, Hilkka, Teinilä, Kimmo, Hillamo, Risto, Karjalainen, Panu, Kuittinen, Niina, Simonen, Pauli, Rönkkö, Topi, Keskinen, Jorma, Saukko, Erkka, Tutuiany, Monica, Fischerleitner, Roman, Pirjola, Liisa, Brunila, Olli-Pekka, Hämäläinen, Esa
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: 2016
• Subjects: black carbon; Global warming
• Online Access: https://cris.vtt.fi/en/publications/9068021a-2073-47e6-ab33-f0a47b208f8a; https://www.cimac.com/cms/upload/events/cascades/CASCADES_2017_Finland/10_Pivi_Aakko_Saksa_CIMAC_Cascades_2017_BCresults.pdf; http://www.cimac.com/publication-press/technical-database/index.html

Ship emissions are anticipated to increase with the expected rise in commercial shipping, particularly in the Arctic, if preventive actions are not implemented. Shipping represents 9% of the global SOx emissions and 18-30% of the global NOx emissions. Share of shipping in the global black carbon (BC) emissions is less than 2%, however, in the north of 70° latitude BC mostly originate from shipping [1, 2]. BC increases global warming and ice melting through deposition on ice and snow. The international maritime organisation (IMO) limit for BC is anticipated, and work is launched to establish definition and methodology for BC. BC measurements and its definition are known to be challenging. For example, results from different experimental techniques, absorptive, refractive and thermal, differ from each other, but only a few studies provide detailed insight on the BC emissions from ships. This work on BC measurement techniques is realised within the "SEA-EFFECTS BC" project in co-operation with research organisations and industrial partners. BC emissions were measured with Wärtsilä Vasa 4R32 marine engine at VTT's laboratory by using IMO relevant measurement methods, for example OC/EC, MAAP, FSN, MSS and PAS. In-depth analysis of other emissions in parallel to BC measurements were used to increase understanding of the results obtained with different techniques, which is a prerequisite for further development. Tested fuels with sulfur contents ranging from 0.1% to 3.5% were used in order to generate different exhaust gases from marine engine in realistic conditions. Preliminary analysis of the results by using different techniques to measure BC emissions from ships are shown. Future work will focus on the on-board validation of measurement methods, and in-depth evaluation of the results to increase understanding of applicability of the methods. Other aspects of the "SEA-EFFECTS BC" project deal with on-line monitoring and business opportunities in the field of emission measurements.