Sea ice diatom contributions to Holocene nutrient utilization in East Antarctica

• Published in: Paleoceanography
• Main Authors: Panizzo, V, Crespin, J, Crosta, X., Shemesh, A, Masse, G, Yam, R, Mattielli, N., Cardinal, D.
• Format: Article in Journal/Newspaper
• Language: English
• Published: 2014
• Subjects: Bacillariophyceae [Featherlike diatoms]; Fragilariopsis curta; Fragilariopsis cylindrus; Fragilariopsis kerguelensis; East Antarctica; Antarc*; Antarctica; Sea ice
• Online Access: http://www.vliz.be/nl/open-marien-archief?module=ref&refid=247032

Combined high-resolution Holocene d 30 Si diat and d 13 C diat paleorecords are presented from the Seasonal Ice Zone, East Antarctica. Both data sets reflect periods of increased nutrient utilization by diatoms during the Hypsithermal period (circa 7800 to 3500?calendar years (cal years) B.P.), coincident with a higher abundance of open water diatom species ( Fragilariopsis kerguelensis ), increased biogenic silica productivity (%BSi), and higher regional summer temperatures. The Neoglacial period (after circa 3500?cal years B.P.) is reflected by an increase in sea ice indicative species ( Fragilariopsis curta and Fragilariopsis cylindrus , up to 50%) along with a decrease in %BSi and d 13 C diat (< -18‰ to -23‰). However, over this period, d 30 Si diat data show an increasing trend, to some of the highest values in the Holocene record (average of +0.43‰). Competing hypotheses are discussed to account for the decoupling trend in utilization proxies including iron fertilization, species-dependent fractionation effects, and diatom habitats. Based on mass balance calculations, we highlight that diatom species derived from the semi-enclosed sea ice environment may have a confounding effect upon d 30 Si downcore compositions of the seasonal sea ice zone. A diatom composition, with approximately 28% of biogenic silica derived from the sea ice environment (diat-SI) can account for the increased average composition of d 30 Si diat during the Neoglacial. These data highlight the significant role sea ice diatoms can play with relation to their export in sediment records, which has implications on productivity reconstructions from the seasonal ice zone.