The impacts of ocean acidification and warming on the Antarctic bivalve, Laternula elliptica

• Main Author: Bylenga, Christine Heather
• Format: Thesis
• Language: unknown
• Published: 2016
• Subjects: Ecological Impacts of Climate Change; Marine and Estuarine Ecology (incl. Marine Ichthyology); Ecology not elsewhere classified; Animal Developmental and Reproductive Biology; Animal Physiological Ecology; Invertebrate Biology; Global Change Biology; Ocean acidification; Bivalve; Antarctica; School: School of Biological Sciences; 050101 Ecological Impacts of Climate Change; 060205 Marine and Estuarine Ecology (incl. Marine Ichthyology); 060299 Ecology not elsewhere classified; 060803 Animal Developmental and Reproductive Biology; 060806 Animal Physiological Ecology; 060808 Invertebrate Biology; 069902 Global Change Biology; 970106 Expanding Knowledge in the Biological Sciences; Degree Discipline: Biology; Degree Level: Doctoral; Degree Name: Doctor of Philosophy; Antarctic; Southern Ocean; The Antarctic; Antarc*
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.26686/wgtn.17018687.v1; https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/The_impacts_of_ocean_acidification_and_warming_on_the_Antarctic_bivalve_Laternula_elliptica/17018687

Laternula elliptica are large bivalves found in high densities in soft sediments in coastal regions of the Southern Ocean. L. elliptica form an important part of the ecosystem, due to significant sediment stabilisation and deposition. Despite the important role L. elliptica play in their environment, little is known about how projected ocean change will impact future populations of this species. Invertebrate larvae are considerably more sensitive to environmental stressors than juveniles and adults, and increases in mortality and minor reductions in dispersal could significantly reduce future population sizes. In a rapidly changing climate, some of the greatest changes are expected at high latitudes. The greatest rates of warming of surface waters are occurring in the Southern Ocean. Additionally, undersaturation of aragonite due to ocean acidification is expected to affect these waters within decades. Calcifying organisms such as molluscs may be particularly sensitive to reduced pH and saturation states associated with ocean acidification. However, information on larval responses to these stressors in Antarctic species is limited. The larvae of L. elliptica are large and lecithotrophic. Maternally provided energy reserves sustain development until the completion of metamorphosis. While large reserves may support long development times and extended encapsulation, they are finite and cannot be replenished. Any stress during larval development could increase metabolic costs and deplete reserves, preventing metamorphosis. These stressors may also impact the calcification process and shell structures, resulting in weaker larvae at settlement that are more vulnerable to injury. Small reductions in larval survival could limit recruitment and population growth may decline. Various responses to ocean acidification (OA) and warming were studied in the larvae of L. elliptica. Larvae were raised under control pH and temperatures (~8.00 and - 1.7°C, respectively) and conditions representing projections for the Antarctic by ...