Slush-ice berms on the west coast of Alaska: development of a conceptual model of formation based on input from and work with local observers in Shaktoolik, Gambell and Shishmaref, Alaska
Bering Sea storms regularly bring adverse environmental conditions, including large waves and storm surges of up to 4 m, to the west coast of Alaska. These conditions can cause flooding, erosion and other damage that affects marine subsistence activities and infrastructure in the low-lying coastal c...
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ftuvicpubl:oai:dspace.library.uvic.ca:1828/7744 2023-05-15T15:17:50+02:00 Slush-ice berms on the west coast of Alaska: development of a conceptual model of formation based on input from and work with local observers in Shaktoolik, Gambell and Shishmaref, Alaska Eerkes-Medrano, Laura Atkinson, David 2017 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/1828/7744 English en eng http://hdl.handle.net/1828/7744 Available to the World Wide Web http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ca/ CC-BY-NC-ND Slush-ice berm community observations local knowledge synoptic weather coastal Alaska sea ice Arctic Thesis 2017 ftuvicpubl 2022-05-19T06:12:06Z Bering Sea storms regularly bring adverse environmental conditions, including large waves and storm surges of up to 4 m, to the west coast of Alaska. These conditions can cause flooding, erosion and other damage that affects marine subsistence activities and infrastructure in the low-lying coastal communities. Storm impacts also include interactions with sea ice in various states: large floes, shore-fast ice, the acceleration of sea-ice formation in frazil or slush state, and the formation of slush-ice berms. Slush-ice berms are accumulations of slush ice that develop under the right wind, water level, water and air temperature, and snow conditions. During a strong wind event, large amounts of slush may be formed and pushed onto the shore, where the slush can accumulate, solidify and protect communities from flooding and erosion. Slush ice berms can also be problematic, restricting access to the coast and presenting other hazards. Residents of Shishmaref and Shaktoolik, communities on the west coast of Alaska, observed the formation of slush-ice berms during storms that occurred in 2007, 2009 and 2011. These formations are important to the communities, and it would be useful to develop the capacity to predict their occurrence. However, scientific work has not been conducted on this phenomenon, with the result that a physical conceptual model describing the formation of slush-ice berms does not exist. In recognition of this need, a project thesis was designed, and had as its main objective to identify and document the environmental and synoptic weather conditions that lead to these types of events, and to develop a descriptive physical conceptual model of slush-ice berm formation. A key to this work was the engagement of traditional knowledge holders and local observers to gather data and information about slush ice and slush-ice berm formation, along with the specific dates when these events took place. This dissertation is organized around three major elements: development of a conceptual model of slush-ice ... Thesis Arctic Bering Sea Sea ice Alaska University of Victoria (Canada): UVicDSpace Arctic Bering Sea |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
University of Victoria (Canada): UVicDSpace |
op_collection_id |
ftuvicpubl |
language |
English |
topic |
Slush-ice berm community observations local knowledge synoptic weather coastal Alaska sea ice Arctic |
spellingShingle |
Slush-ice berm community observations local knowledge synoptic weather coastal Alaska sea ice Arctic Eerkes-Medrano, Laura Slush-ice berms on the west coast of Alaska: development of a conceptual model of formation based on input from and work with local observers in Shaktoolik, Gambell and Shishmaref, Alaska |
topic_facet |
Slush-ice berm community observations local knowledge synoptic weather coastal Alaska sea ice Arctic |
description |
Bering Sea storms regularly bring adverse environmental conditions, including large waves and storm surges of up to 4 m, to the west coast of Alaska. These conditions can cause flooding, erosion and other damage that affects marine subsistence activities and infrastructure in the low-lying coastal communities. Storm impacts also include interactions with sea ice in various states: large floes, shore-fast ice, the acceleration of sea-ice formation in frazil or slush state, and the formation of slush-ice berms. Slush-ice berms are accumulations of slush ice that develop under the right wind, water level, water and air temperature, and snow conditions. During a strong wind event, large amounts of slush may be formed and pushed onto the shore, where the slush can accumulate, solidify and protect communities from flooding and erosion. Slush ice berms can also be problematic, restricting access to the coast and presenting other hazards. Residents of Shishmaref and Shaktoolik, communities on the west coast of Alaska, observed the formation of slush-ice berms during storms that occurred in 2007, 2009 and 2011. These formations are important to the communities, and it would be useful to develop the capacity to predict their occurrence. However, scientific work has not been conducted on this phenomenon, with the result that a physical conceptual model describing the formation of slush-ice berms does not exist. In recognition of this need, a project thesis was designed, and had as its main objective to identify and document the environmental and synoptic weather conditions that lead to these types of events, and to develop a descriptive physical conceptual model of slush-ice berm formation. A key to this work was the engagement of traditional knowledge holders and local observers to gather data and information about slush ice and slush-ice berm formation, along with the specific dates when these events took place. This dissertation is organized around three major elements: development of a conceptual model of slush-ice ... |
author2 |
Atkinson, David |
format |
Thesis |
author |
Eerkes-Medrano, Laura |
author_facet |
Eerkes-Medrano, Laura |
author_sort |
Eerkes-Medrano, Laura |
title |
Slush-ice berms on the west coast of Alaska: development of a conceptual model of formation based on input from and work with local observers in Shaktoolik, Gambell and Shishmaref, Alaska |
title_short |
Slush-ice berms on the west coast of Alaska: development of a conceptual model of formation based on input from and work with local observers in Shaktoolik, Gambell and Shishmaref, Alaska |
title_full |
Slush-ice berms on the west coast of Alaska: development of a conceptual model of formation based on input from and work with local observers in Shaktoolik, Gambell and Shishmaref, Alaska |
title_fullStr |
Slush-ice berms on the west coast of Alaska: development of a conceptual model of formation based on input from and work with local observers in Shaktoolik, Gambell and Shishmaref, Alaska |
title_full_unstemmed |
Slush-ice berms on the west coast of Alaska: development of a conceptual model of formation based on input from and work with local observers in Shaktoolik, Gambell and Shishmaref, Alaska |
title_sort |
slush-ice berms on the west coast of alaska: development of a conceptual model of formation based on input from and work with local observers in shaktoolik, gambell and shishmaref, alaska |
publishDate |
2017 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/1828/7744 |
geographic |
Arctic Bering Sea |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Bering Sea |
genre |
Arctic Bering Sea Sea ice Alaska |
genre_facet |
Arctic Bering Sea Sea ice Alaska |
op_relation |
http://hdl.handle.net/1828/7744 |
op_rights |
Available to the World Wide Web http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ca/ |
op_rightsnorm |
CC-BY-NC-ND |
_version_ |
1766348099474685952 |