Cloud Cover and Delayed Herbivory Relative to Timing of Spring Onset Interact to Dampen Climate Change Impacts on Net Ecosystem Exchange in a Coastal Alaskan Wetland
Rapid warming in northern ecosystems over the past four decades has resulted in earlier spring, increased precipitation, and altered timing of plant–animal interactions, such as herbivory. Advanced spring phenology can lead to longer growing seasons and increased carbon (C) uptake. Greater precipita...
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ftutahsudc:oai:digitalcommons.usu.edu:wild_facpub-3862 2023-05-15T15:03:40+02:00 Cloud Cover and Delayed Herbivory Relative to Timing of Spring Onset Interact to Dampen Climate Change Impacts on Net Ecosystem Exchange in a Coastal Alaskan Wetland Leffler, A. Joshua Beard, Karen H. Kelsey, Katharine C. Choi, Ryan T. Schmutz, Joel A. Welker, Jeffrey M. Institute of Physics Publishing Ltd. 2019-08-02T07:00:00Z application/pdf https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/wild_facpub/2862 https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3862&context=wild_facpub unknown Hosted by Utah State University Libraries https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/wild_facpub/2862 https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3862&context=wild_facpub Copyright for this work is held by the author. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owner. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information contact the Institutional Repository Librarian at digitalcommons@usu.edu. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ PDM CC-BY Wildland Resources Faculty Publications phenological mismatch net ecosystem exchange migratory geese grazing herbivory Arctic ecosystem cloud cover Environmental Sciences text 2019 ftutahsudc 2022-10-27T17:20:49Z Rapid warming in northern ecosystems over the past four decades has resulted in earlier spring, increased precipitation, and altered timing of plant–animal interactions, such as herbivory. Advanced spring phenology can lead to longer growing seasons and increased carbon (C) uptake. Greater precipitation coincides with greater cloud cover possibly suppressing photosynthesis. Timing of herbivory relative to spring phenology influences plant biomass. None of these changes are mutually exclusive and their interactions could lead to unexpected consequences for Arctic ecosystem function. We examined the influence of advanced spring phenology, cloud cover, and timing of grazing on C exchange in the Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta of western Alaska for three years. We combined advancement of the growing season using passive-warming open-top chambers (OTC) with controlled timing of goose grazing (early, typical, and late season) and removal of grazing. We also monitored natural variation in incident sunlight to examine the C exchange consequences of these interacting forcings. We monitored net ecosystem exchange of C (NEE) hourly using an autochamber system. Data were used to construct daily light curves for each experimental plot and sunlight data coupled with a clear-sky model was used to quantify daily and seasonal NEE over a range of incident sunlight conditions. Cloudy days resulted in the largest suppression of NEE, reducing C uptake by approximately 2 g C m−2 d−1 regardless of the timing of the season or timing of grazing. Delaying grazing enhanced C uptake by approximately 3 g C m−2 d−1. Advancing spring phenology reduced C uptake by approximately 1.5 g C m−2 d−1, but only when plots were directly warmed by the OTCs; spring advancement did not have a long-term influence on NEE. Consequently, the two strongest drivers of NEE, cloud cover and grazing, can have opposing effects and thus future growing season NEE will depend on the magnitude of change in timing of grazing and incident sunlight. Text Arctic Climate change Kuskokwim Alaska Yukon Utah State University: DigitalCommons@USU Arctic Yukon |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Utah State University: DigitalCommons@USU |
op_collection_id |
ftutahsudc |
language |
unknown |
topic |
phenological mismatch net ecosystem exchange migratory geese grazing herbivory Arctic ecosystem cloud cover Environmental Sciences |
spellingShingle |
phenological mismatch net ecosystem exchange migratory geese grazing herbivory Arctic ecosystem cloud cover Environmental Sciences Leffler, A. Joshua Beard, Karen H. Kelsey, Katharine C. Choi, Ryan T. Schmutz, Joel A. Welker, Jeffrey M. Cloud Cover and Delayed Herbivory Relative to Timing of Spring Onset Interact to Dampen Climate Change Impacts on Net Ecosystem Exchange in a Coastal Alaskan Wetland |
topic_facet |
phenological mismatch net ecosystem exchange migratory geese grazing herbivory Arctic ecosystem cloud cover Environmental Sciences |
description |
Rapid warming in northern ecosystems over the past four decades has resulted in earlier spring, increased precipitation, and altered timing of plant–animal interactions, such as herbivory. Advanced spring phenology can lead to longer growing seasons and increased carbon (C) uptake. Greater precipitation coincides with greater cloud cover possibly suppressing photosynthesis. Timing of herbivory relative to spring phenology influences plant biomass. None of these changes are mutually exclusive and their interactions could lead to unexpected consequences for Arctic ecosystem function. We examined the influence of advanced spring phenology, cloud cover, and timing of grazing on C exchange in the Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta of western Alaska for three years. We combined advancement of the growing season using passive-warming open-top chambers (OTC) with controlled timing of goose grazing (early, typical, and late season) and removal of grazing. We also monitored natural variation in incident sunlight to examine the C exchange consequences of these interacting forcings. We monitored net ecosystem exchange of C (NEE) hourly using an autochamber system. Data were used to construct daily light curves for each experimental plot and sunlight data coupled with a clear-sky model was used to quantify daily and seasonal NEE over a range of incident sunlight conditions. Cloudy days resulted in the largest suppression of NEE, reducing C uptake by approximately 2 g C m−2 d−1 regardless of the timing of the season or timing of grazing. Delaying grazing enhanced C uptake by approximately 3 g C m−2 d−1. Advancing spring phenology reduced C uptake by approximately 1.5 g C m−2 d−1, but only when plots were directly warmed by the OTCs; spring advancement did not have a long-term influence on NEE. Consequently, the two strongest drivers of NEE, cloud cover and grazing, can have opposing effects and thus future growing season NEE will depend on the magnitude of change in timing of grazing and incident sunlight. |
author2 |
Institute of Physics Publishing Ltd. |
format |
Text |
author |
Leffler, A. Joshua Beard, Karen H. Kelsey, Katharine C. Choi, Ryan T. Schmutz, Joel A. Welker, Jeffrey M. |
author_facet |
Leffler, A. Joshua Beard, Karen H. Kelsey, Katharine C. Choi, Ryan T. Schmutz, Joel A. Welker, Jeffrey M. |
author_sort |
Leffler, A. Joshua |
title |
Cloud Cover and Delayed Herbivory Relative to Timing of Spring Onset Interact to Dampen Climate Change Impacts on Net Ecosystem Exchange in a Coastal Alaskan Wetland |
title_short |
Cloud Cover and Delayed Herbivory Relative to Timing of Spring Onset Interact to Dampen Climate Change Impacts on Net Ecosystem Exchange in a Coastal Alaskan Wetland |
title_full |
Cloud Cover and Delayed Herbivory Relative to Timing of Spring Onset Interact to Dampen Climate Change Impacts on Net Ecosystem Exchange in a Coastal Alaskan Wetland |
title_fullStr |
Cloud Cover and Delayed Herbivory Relative to Timing of Spring Onset Interact to Dampen Climate Change Impacts on Net Ecosystem Exchange in a Coastal Alaskan Wetland |
title_full_unstemmed |
Cloud Cover and Delayed Herbivory Relative to Timing of Spring Onset Interact to Dampen Climate Change Impacts on Net Ecosystem Exchange in a Coastal Alaskan Wetland |
title_sort |
cloud cover and delayed herbivory relative to timing of spring onset interact to dampen climate change impacts on net ecosystem exchange in a coastal alaskan wetland |
publisher |
Hosted by Utah State University Libraries |
publishDate |
2019 |
url |
https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/wild_facpub/2862 https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3862&context=wild_facpub |
geographic |
Arctic Yukon |
geographic_facet |
Arctic Yukon |
genre |
Arctic Climate change Kuskokwim Alaska Yukon |
genre_facet |
Arctic Climate change Kuskokwim Alaska Yukon |
op_source |
Wildland Resources Faculty Publications |
op_relation |
https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/wild_facpub/2862 https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3862&context=wild_facpub |
op_rights |
Copyright for this work is held by the author. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright beyond that allowed by fair use requires the written permission of the copyright owners. Works not in the public domain cannot be commercially exploited without permission of the copyright owner. Responsibility for any use rests exclusively with the user. For more information contact the Institutional Repository Librarian at digitalcommons@usu.edu. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ |
op_rightsnorm |
PDM CC-BY |
_version_ |
1766335520613335040 |