Ice Caves in Canada
Canada is a cold country, the northern part having discontinuous to continuous permafrost, and the southern half experiencing weeks to months of ice and snow cover at all elevations during the winter. The western provinces and northern territories have major mountain ranges with modern glaciers and...
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ftusouthflorida:oai:digitalcommons.usf.edu:kip_articles-3707 2023-10-09T21:51:48+02:00 Ice Caves in Canada Yonge, Charles Ford, Derek Horne, Greg 2018-01-05T08:00:00Z https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/kip_articles/2708 https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811739-2.00015-2 unknown Digital Commons @ University of South Florida https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/kip_articles/2708 https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811739-2.00015-2 KIP Articles Mountain Glaciation Cold Trap Cold Zone Permafrost Stable Isotopes Ice Crystallography text 2018 ftusouthflorida https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811739-2.00015-2 2023-09-17T16:27:01Z Canada is a cold country, the northern part having discontinuous to continuous permafrost, and the southern half experiencing weeks to months of ice and snow cover at all elevations during the winter. The western provinces and northern territories have major mountain ranges with modern glaciers and icecaps. There are also extensive mountainous terrains above 1000 m in the east. With few caving clubs, large distances and difficult access, only some 700 caves have been reported in the Canadian Caver index to date. Most will display ice formations only during the winter, but a number contain enduring perennial ice. In this chapter we discuss 33 examples documented and studied to some degree. Via studies, including stable isotopes, crystallography, carbon dating, temperature and humidity, we find that cave ice formation falls broadly into three types: cold trap, cold zone, and permafrost, with ice caves exhibiting some or all types. Text glacier* Ice permafrost University of South Florida St. Petersburg: Digital USFSP Canada 285 334 |
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Open Polar |
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University of South Florida St. Petersburg: Digital USFSP |
op_collection_id |
ftusouthflorida |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Mountain Glaciation Cold Trap Cold Zone Permafrost Stable Isotopes Ice Crystallography |
spellingShingle |
Mountain Glaciation Cold Trap Cold Zone Permafrost Stable Isotopes Ice Crystallography Yonge, Charles Ford, Derek Horne, Greg Ice Caves in Canada |
topic_facet |
Mountain Glaciation Cold Trap Cold Zone Permafrost Stable Isotopes Ice Crystallography |
description |
Canada is a cold country, the northern part having discontinuous to continuous permafrost, and the southern half experiencing weeks to months of ice and snow cover at all elevations during the winter. The western provinces and northern territories have major mountain ranges with modern glaciers and icecaps. There are also extensive mountainous terrains above 1000 m in the east. With few caving clubs, large distances and difficult access, only some 700 caves have been reported in the Canadian Caver index to date. Most will display ice formations only during the winter, but a number contain enduring perennial ice. In this chapter we discuss 33 examples documented and studied to some degree. Via studies, including stable isotopes, crystallography, carbon dating, temperature and humidity, we find that cave ice formation falls broadly into three types: cold trap, cold zone, and permafrost, with ice caves exhibiting some or all types. |
format |
Text |
author |
Yonge, Charles Ford, Derek Horne, Greg |
author_facet |
Yonge, Charles Ford, Derek Horne, Greg |
author_sort |
Yonge, Charles |
title |
Ice Caves in Canada |
title_short |
Ice Caves in Canada |
title_full |
Ice Caves in Canada |
title_fullStr |
Ice Caves in Canada |
title_full_unstemmed |
Ice Caves in Canada |
title_sort |
ice caves in canada |
publisher |
Digital Commons @ University of South Florida |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/kip_articles/2708 https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811739-2.00015-2 |
geographic |
Canada |
geographic_facet |
Canada |
genre |
glacier* Ice permafrost |
genre_facet |
glacier* Ice permafrost |
op_source |
KIP Articles |
op_relation |
https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/kip_articles/2708 https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811739-2.00015-2 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811739-2.00015-2 |
container_start_page |
285 |
op_container_end_page |
334 |
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1779314914176794624 |