Behavioural ecology of Late Pleistocene bears (Ursus spelaeus, Ursus ingressus): Insight from stable isotopes (C, N, O) and tooth microwear

Several types of bears lived in Europe during the Late Pleistocene. Some of them, such as cave bears (Ursus s. spelaeus and Ursus ingressus), did not survive after about 25,000 years ago, while others are still extant, such as brown bear (Ursus arctos). Our article aims at a better understanding of...

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Published in:Quaternary International
Main Authors: Münzel, Susanne, Florent, Rivals, Pacher, Martina
Format: Text
Language:unknown
Published: Digital Commons @ University of South Florida 2014
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Online Access:https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/kip_articles/432
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2013.10.020
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spelling ftusouthflorida:oai:digitalcommons.usf.edu:kip_articles-1431 2023-08-15T12:43:15+02:00 Behavioural ecology of Late Pleistocene bears (Ursus spelaeus, Ursus ingressus): Insight from stable isotopes (C, N, O) and tooth microwear Münzel, Susanne Florent, Rivals Pacher, Martina 2014-01-01T08:00:00Z https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/kip_articles/432 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2013.10.020 unknown Digital Commons @ University of South Florida https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/kip_articles/432 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2013.10.020 KIP Articles text 2014 ftusouthflorida https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2013.10.020 2023-07-23T16:33:00Z Several types of bears lived in Europe during the Late Pleistocene. Some of them, such as cave bears (Ursus s. spelaeus and Ursus ingressus), did not survive after about 25,000 years ago, while others are still extant, such as brown bear (Ursus arctos). Our article aims at a better understanding of the palaeoecology of these large “carnivores” and focuses on two regions, the Ach valley in the Swabian Jura (SW-Germany) with Geißenklösterle and Hohle Fels, and the Totes Gebirge (Austria) with Ramesch and Gamssulzen caves. Both regions revealed two genetically distinct cave bear lineages, and previous studies suggest behavioural differences for the respective bears in these two regions. In the Ach valley, irrespective of the cave site, U. s. spelaeus was replaced by U. ingressus around 28 ka uncal BP with limited chronological overlap without recognizable dietary changes as documented by the isotopic composition (13C, 15N) of the bones. Furthermore, the present study shows that the dental microwear pattern was similar for all bears in both caves, however with a larger variability in Geißenklösterle than in Hohle Fels. In contrast, the two Austrian caves, Gamssulzen (U. ingressus) and Ramesch (Ursus s. eremus), show considerable differences in both palaeodietary indicators, i.e., stable isotopes, and dental microwear, over at least 15,000 years. The oxygen and carbon analysis of the tooth enamel combined with the dental microwear of the same molars provide an extremely diversified picture of the feeding behaviour of these fossil bears. The already known differences between these two study areas are confirmed and refined using the new approaches. Moreover, the differences between the two cave bear lineages in the Totes Gebirge became even larger. Some niche partitioning between both types of cave bears was supported by the present study but it does not seem to be triggered by climate. This multi-disciplinary approach gives new insights into the palaeobiology of extinct bears. Text Ursus arctos University of South Florida St. Petersburg: Digital USFSP Jura ENVELOPE(13.501,13.501,68.062,68.062) Quaternary International 339-340 148 163
institution Open Polar
collection University of South Florida St. Petersburg: Digital USFSP
op_collection_id ftusouthflorida
language unknown
description Several types of bears lived in Europe during the Late Pleistocene. Some of them, such as cave bears (Ursus s. spelaeus and Ursus ingressus), did not survive after about 25,000 years ago, while others are still extant, such as brown bear (Ursus arctos). Our article aims at a better understanding of the palaeoecology of these large “carnivores” and focuses on two regions, the Ach valley in the Swabian Jura (SW-Germany) with Geißenklösterle and Hohle Fels, and the Totes Gebirge (Austria) with Ramesch and Gamssulzen caves. Both regions revealed two genetically distinct cave bear lineages, and previous studies suggest behavioural differences for the respective bears in these two regions. In the Ach valley, irrespective of the cave site, U. s. spelaeus was replaced by U. ingressus around 28 ka uncal BP with limited chronological overlap without recognizable dietary changes as documented by the isotopic composition (13C, 15N) of the bones. Furthermore, the present study shows that the dental microwear pattern was similar for all bears in both caves, however with a larger variability in Geißenklösterle than in Hohle Fels. In contrast, the two Austrian caves, Gamssulzen (U. ingressus) and Ramesch (Ursus s. eremus), show considerable differences in both palaeodietary indicators, i.e., stable isotopes, and dental microwear, over at least 15,000 years. The oxygen and carbon analysis of the tooth enamel combined with the dental microwear of the same molars provide an extremely diversified picture of the feeding behaviour of these fossil bears. The already known differences between these two study areas are confirmed and refined using the new approaches. Moreover, the differences between the two cave bear lineages in the Totes Gebirge became even larger. Some niche partitioning between both types of cave bears was supported by the present study but it does not seem to be triggered by climate. This multi-disciplinary approach gives new insights into the palaeobiology of extinct bears.
format Text
author Münzel, Susanne
Florent, Rivals
Pacher, Martina
spellingShingle Münzel, Susanne
Florent, Rivals
Pacher, Martina
Behavioural ecology of Late Pleistocene bears (Ursus spelaeus, Ursus ingressus): Insight from stable isotopes (C, N, O) and tooth microwear
author_facet Münzel, Susanne
Florent, Rivals
Pacher, Martina
author_sort Münzel, Susanne
title Behavioural ecology of Late Pleistocene bears (Ursus spelaeus, Ursus ingressus): Insight from stable isotopes (C, N, O) and tooth microwear
title_short Behavioural ecology of Late Pleistocene bears (Ursus spelaeus, Ursus ingressus): Insight from stable isotopes (C, N, O) and tooth microwear
title_full Behavioural ecology of Late Pleistocene bears (Ursus spelaeus, Ursus ingressus): Insight from stable isotopes (C, N, O) and tooth microwear
title_fullStr Behavioural ecology of Late Pleistocene bears (Ursus spelaeus, Ursus ingressus): Insight from stable isotopes (C, N, O) and tooth microwear
title_full_unstemmed Behavioural ecology of Late Pleistocene bears (Ursus spelaeus, Ursus ingressus): Insight from stable isotopes (C, N, O) and tooth microwear
title_sort behavioural ecology of late pleistocene bears (ursus spelaeus, ursus ingressus): insight from stable isotopes (c, n, o) and tooth microwear
publisher Digital Commons @ University of South Florida
publishDate 2014
url https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/kip_articles/432
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2013.10.020
long_lat ENVELOPE(13.501,13.501,68.062,68.062)
geographic Jura
geographic_facet Jura
genre Ursus arctos
genre_facet Ursus arctos
op_source KIP Articles
op_relation https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/kip_articles/432
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2013.10.020
op_doi https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2013.10.020
container_title Quaternary International
container_volume 339-340
container_start_page 148
op_container_end_page 163
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