Cryogenic Mineral Formation in Caves
Freezing of karst water in caves forces the segregation of solutes, a process of rejection of dissolved ions by the advancing ice-water front during the growth of ice crystals. This process causes supersaturation of the unfrozen residual part of the solution and precipitation of some of dissolved co...
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ftusouthflorida:oai:digitalcommons.usf.edu:geo_facpub-2881 2023-07-30T04:04:04+02:00 Cryogenic Mineral Formation in Caves Žák, Karel Onac, Bogdan P Kadebskaya, Olga Ivanovna Filippi, Michal Dublyansky, Yuri Luetscher, Marc 2018-01-01T08:00:00Z https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/geo_facpub/1919 https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811739-2.00035-8 unknown Digital Commons @ University of South Florida https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/geo_facpub/1919 doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-811739-2.00035-8 https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811739-2.00035-8 School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications Salt rejection Water freezing Cryogenic cave minerals Paleo-permafrost proxy C and O stable isotopes Earth Sciences book_chapter 2018 ftusouthflorida https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811739-2.00035-8 2023-07-13T23:25:34Z Freezing of karst water in caves forces the segregation of solutes, a process of rejection of dissolved ions by the advancing ice-water front during the growth of ice crystals. This process causes supersaturation of the unfrozen residual part of the solution and precipitation of some of dissolved compounds as minerals. Water evaporation and solution degassing additionally enhance the mineral formation. The cryogenic cave minerals constitute a variety of speleothems, which differ in practically all aspects from their counterparts formed in caves unaffected by freezing. The morphology and mineralogy of cryogenic cave minerals largely depend on the initial chemical composition of the karst water, the thickness of the water layer that freezes, and the freezing rate. The most common cryogenic minerals in the ice caves of limestone karst are fine-grained (powdery) carbonates produced by rapid water freezing in thin water layers. In contrast, slower freezing of large water volumes at cave temperature near 0°C produces coarse-grained cryogenic cave carbonates, which are typically associated with present or past permafrost conditions. Overall, the cryogenic cave carbonates are characterized by C and O isotope signatures different from that of speleothems in temperate environments. Apart from the cryogenic carbonates, several other freeze-related minerals have been identified in caves. By far, the richest diversity of cryogenic minerals occurs in gypsum-hosted ice caves. Book Part Ice permafrost University of South Florida St. Petersburg: Digital USFSP 123 162 |
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Open Polar |
collection |
University of South Florida St. Petersburg: Digital USFSP |
op_collection_id |
ftusouthflorida |
language |
unknown |
topic |
Salt rejection Water freezing Cryogenic cave minerals Paleo-permafrost proxy C and O stable isotopes Earth Sciences |
spellingShingle |
Salt rejection Water freezing Cryogenic cave minerals Paleo-permafrost proxy C and O stable isotopes Earth Sciences Žák, Karel Onac, Bogdan P Kadebskaya, Olga Ivanovna Filippi, Michal Dublyansky, Yuri Luetscher, Marc Cryogenic Mineral Formation in Caves |
topic_facet |
Salt rejection Water freezing Cryogenic cave minerals Paleo-permafrost proxy C and O stable isotopes Earth Sciences |
description |
Freezing of karst water in caves forces the segregation of solutes, a process of rejection of dissolved ions by the advancing ice-water front during the growth of ice crystals. This process causes supersaturation of the unfrozen residual part of the solution and precipitation of some of dissolved compounds as minerals. Water evaporation and solution degassing additionally enhance the mineral formation. The cryogenic cave minerals constitute a variety of speleothems, which differ in practically all aspects from their counterparts formed in caves unaffected by freezing. The morphology and mineralogy of cryogenic cave minerals largely depend on the initial chemical composition of the karst water, the thickness of the water layer that freezes, and the freezing rate. The most common cryogenic minerals in the ice caves of limestone karst are fine-grained (powdery) carbonates produced by rapid water freezing in thin water layers. In contrast, slower freezing of large water volumes at cave temperature near 0°C produces coarse-grained cryogenic cave carbonates, which are typically associated with present or past permafrost conditions. Overall, the cryogenic cave carbonates are characterized by C and O isotope signatures different from that of speleothems in temperate environments. Apart from the cryogenic carbonates, several other freeze-related minerals have been identified in caves. By far, the richest diversity of cryogenic minerals occurs in gypsum-hosted ice caves. |
format |
Book Part |
author |
Žák, Karel Onac, Bogdan P Kadebskaya, Olga Ivanovna Filippi, Michal Dublyansky, Yuri Luetscher, Marc |
author_facet |
Žák, Karel Onac, Bogdan P Kadebskaya, Olga Ivanovna Filippi, Michal Dublyansky, Yuri Luetscher, Marc |
author_sort |
Žák, Karel |
title |
Cryogenic Mineral Formation in Caves |
title_short |
Cryogenic Mineral Formation in Caves |
title_full |
Cryogenic Mineral Formation in Caves |
title_fullStr |
Cryogenic Mineral Formation in Caves |
title_full_unstemmed |
Cryogenic Mineral Formation in Caves |
title_sort |
cryogenic mineral formation in caves |
publisher |
Digital Commons @ University of South Florida |
publishDate |
2018 |
url |
https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/geo_facpub/1919 https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811739-2.00035-8 |
genre |
Ice permafrost |
genre_facet |
Ice permafrost |
op_source |
School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications |
op_relation |
https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/geo_facpub/1919 doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-811739-2.00035-8 https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811739-2.00035-8 |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811739-2.00035-8 |
container_start_page |
123 |
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162 |
_version_ |
1772815247747317760 |