Explaining preferences and actual involvement in self-employment: new insights into the role of gender
This paper investigates an essential aspect of the entrepreneurial personality: why women's self-employment rates are consistently lower than those of men. It has three focal points. It discriminates between the preference for self-employment and actual involvement in self-employment using a tw...
Published in: | Journal of Economic Psychology |
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fturottercrispub:oai:pure.eur.nl:publications/3bb4a5a7-ca8c-4165-a5fb-51fd2269b401 2023-05-15T16:49:50+02:00 Explaining preferences and actual involvement in self-employment: new insights into the role of gender Verheul, Ingrid Thurik, Roy Grilo, I van der Zwan, Peter 2012 https://pure.eur.nl/en/publications/3bb4a5a7-ca8c-4165-a5fb-51fd2269b401 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2011.02.009 http://hdl.handle.net/1765/31422 eng eng info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess Verheul , I , Thurik , R , Grilo , I & van der Zwan , P 2012 , ' Explaining preferences and actual involvement in self-employment: new insights into the role of gender ' , Journal of Economic Psychology , vol. 33 , no. 2 , pp. 325-341 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2011.02.009 article 2012 fturottercrispub https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2011.02.009 2022-06-26T06:03:56Z This paper investigates an essential aspect of the entrepreneurial personality: why women's self-employment rates are consistently lower than those of men. It has three focal points. It discriminates between the preference for self-employment and actual involvement in self-employment using a two (probit) equation model. It makes a systematic distinction between different ways in which gender influences the preference for and actual involvement in self-employment (mediation and moderation). It includes perceived ability as a potential driver of self-employment next to risk attitude, self-employed parents and other socio-demographic drivers. A representative data set of more than 8000 individuals from 29 countries (25 EU Member States, US, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein) is used (the 2004 Flash Eurobarometer survey). The findings show that women's lower preference for becoming self-employed plays an important role in explaining their lower involvement in self-employment and that a gender effect remains that may point at gender-based obstacles to entrepreneurship. Article in Journal/Newspaper Iceland Erasmus University Rotterdam & Erasmus MC Research Portal Norway Journal of Economic Psychology 33 2 325 341 |
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Erasmus University Rotterdam & Erasmus MC Research Portal |
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English |
description |
This paper investigates an essential aspect of the entrepreneurial personality: why women's self-employment rates are consistently lower than those of men. It has three focal points. It discriminates between the preference for self-employment and actual involvement in self-employment using a two (probit) equation model. It makes a systematic distinction between different ways in which gender influences the preference for and actual involvement in self-employment (mediation and moderation). It includes perceived ability as a potential driver of self-employment next to risk attitude, self-employed parents and other socio-demographic drivers. A representative data set of more than 8000 individuals from 29 countries (25 EU Member States, US, Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein) is used (the 2004 Flash Eurobarometer survey). The findings show that women's lower preference for becoming self-employed plays an important role in explaining their lower involvement in self-employment and that a gender effect remains that may point at gender-based obstacles to entrepreneurship. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Verheul, Ingrid Thurik, Roy Grilo, I van der Zwan, Peter |
spellingShingle |
Verheul, Ingrid Thurik, Roy Grilo, I van der Zwan, Peter Explaining preferences and actual involvement in self-employment: new insights into the role of gender |
author_facet |
Verheul, Ingrid Thurik, Roy Grilo, I van der Zwan, Peter |
author_sort |
Verheul, Ingrid |
title |
Explaining preferences and actual involvement in self-employment: new insights into the role of gender |
title_short |
Explaining preferences and actual involvement in self-employment: new insights into the role of gender |
title_full |
Explaining preferences and actual involvement in self-employment: new insights into the role of gender |
title_fullStr |
Explaining preferences and actual involvement in self-employment: new insights into the role of gender |
title_full_unstemmed |
Explaining preferences and actual involvement in self-employment: new insights into the role of gender |
title_sort |
explaining preferences and actual involvement in self-employment: new insights into the role of gender |
publishDate |
2012 |
url |
https://pure.eur.nl/en/publications/3bb4a5a7-ca8c-4165-a5fb-51fd2269b401 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2011.02.009 http://hdl.handle.net/1765/31422 |
geographic |
Norway |
geographic_facet |
Norway |
genre |
Iceland |
genre_facet |
Iceland |
op_source |
Verheul , I , Thurik , R , Grilo , I & van der Zwan , P 2012 , ' Explaining preferences and actual involvement in self-employment: new insights into the role of gender ' , Journal of Economic Psychology , vol. 33 , no. 2 , pp. 325-341 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2011.02.009 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2011.02.009 |
container_title |
Journal of Economic Psychology |
container_volume |
33 |
container_issue |
2 |
container_start_page |
325 |
op_container_end_page |
341 |
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1766040018766266368 |