CHRISTMAS 2012: RESEARCH Why Rudolph's nose is red: observational study
Objective To characterise the functional morphology of the nasal microcirculation in humans in comparison with reindeer as a means of testing the hypothesis that the luminous red nose of Rudolph, one of the most well known reindeer pulling Santa Claus's sleigh, is due to the presence of a highl...
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Online Access: | https://pure.eur.nl/en/publications/32b056e2-6f63-4bfe-bf8a-c389ac858d07 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e8311 https://pure.eur.nl/ws/files/47467426/REPUB_66927_OA.pdf http://hdl.handle.net/1765/66927 |
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fturottercrispub:oai:pure.eur.nl:publications/32b056e2-6f63-4bfe-bf8a-c389ac858d07 2023-05-15T17:39:58+02:00 CHRISTMAS 2012: RESEARCH Why Rudolph's nose is red: observational study Ince, Can van Kuijen, AM Milstein, DMJ Yuruk, K Folkow, LP Fokkens, WJ Blix, AS 2012 application/pdf https://pure.eur.nl/en/publications/32b056e2-6f63-4bfe-bf8a-c389ac858d07 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e8311 https://pure.eur.nl/ws/files/47467426/REPUB_66927_OA.pdf http://hdl.handle.net/1765/66927 und unknown info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Ince , C , van Kuijen , AM , Milstein , DMJ , Yuruk , K , Folkow , LP , Fokkens , WJ & Blix , AS 2012 , ' CHRISTMAS 2012: RESEARCH Why Rudolph's nose is red: observational study ' , British Medical Journal , vol. 345 . https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e8311 /dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/good_health_and_well_being SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being article 2012 fturottercrispub https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e8311 2022-07-07T06:00:37Z Objective To characterise the functional morphology of the nasal microcirculation in humans in comparison with reindeer as a means of testing the hypothesis that the luminous red nose of Rudolph, one of the most well known reindeer pulling Santa Claus's sleigh, is due to the presence of a highly dense and rich nasal microcirculation. Design Observational study. Setting Tromso, Norway (near the North Pole), and Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Participants Five healthy human volunteers, two adult reindeer, and a patient with grade 3 nasal polyposis. Main outcome measures Architecture of the microvasculature of the nasal septal mucosa and head of the inferior turbinates, kinetics of red blood cells, and real time reactivity of the microcirculation to topical medicines. Results Similarities between human and reindeer nasal microcirculation were uncovered. Hairpin-like capillaries in the reindeers' nasal septal mucosa were rich in red blood cells, with a perfused vessel density of 20 (SD 0.7) mm/mm(2). Scattered crypt or gland-like structures surrounded by capillaries containing flowing red blood cells were found in human and reindeer noses. In a healthy volunteer, nasal microvascular reactivity was demonstrated by the application of a local anaesthetic with vas Conclusions The nasal microcirculation of reindeer is richly vascularised, with a vascular density 25% higher than that in humans. These results highlight the intrinsic physiological properties of Rudolph's legendary luminous red nose, which help to protect it from freezing during sleigh rides and to regulate the temperature of the reindeer's brain, factors essential for flying reindeer pulling Santa Claus's sleigh under extreme temperatures. Article in Journal/Newspaper North Pole Tromso Tromso Erasmus University Rotterdam & Erasmus MC Research Portal North Pole Norway Rudolph ENVELOPE(-62.433,-62.433,-64.900,-64.900) Tromso ENVELOPE(16.546,16.546,68.801,68.801) BMJ 345 dec14 14 e8311 e8311 |
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Erasmus University Rotterdam & Erasmus MC Research Portal |
op_collection_id |
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language |
unknown |
topic |
/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/good_health_and_well_being SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being |
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/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/good_health_and_well_being SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being Ince, Can van Kuijen, AM Milstein, DMJ Yuruk, K Folkow, LP Fokkens, WJ Blix, AS CHRISTMAS 2012: RESEARCH Why Rudolph's nose is red: observational study |
topic_facet |
/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/good_health_and_well_being SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being |
description |
Objective To characterise the functional morphology of the nasal microcirculation in humans in comparison with reindeer as a means of testing the hypothesis that the luminous red nose of Rudolph, one of the most well known reindeer pulling Santa Claus's sleigh, is due to the presence of a highly dense and rich nasal microcirculation. Design Observational study. Setting Tromso, Norway (near the North Pole), and Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Participants Five healthy human volunteers, two adult reindeer, and a patient with grade 3 nasal polyposis. Main outcome measures Architecture of the microvasculature of the nasal septal mucosa and head of the inferior turbinates, kinetics of red blood cells, and real time reactivity of the microcirculation to topical medicines. Results Similarities between human and reindeer nasal microcirculation were uncovered. Hairpin-like capillaries in the reindeers' nasal septal mucosa were rich in red blood cells, with a perfused vessel density of 20 (SD 0.7) mm/mm(2). Scattered crypt or gland-like structures surrounded by capillaries containing flowing red blood cells were found in human and reindeer noses. In a healthy volunteer, nasal microvascular reactivity was demonstrated by the application of a local anaesthetic with vas Conclusions The nasal microcirculation of reindeer is richly vascularised, with a vascular density 25% higher than that in humans. These results highlight the intrinsic physiological properties of Rudolph's legendary luminous red nose, which help to protect it from freezing during sleigh rides and to regulate the temperature of the reindeer's brain, factors essential for flying reindeer pulling Santa Claus's sleigh under extreme temperatures. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Ince, Can van Kuijen, AM Milstein, DMJ Yuruk, K Folkow, LP Fokkens, WJ Blix, AS |
author_facet |
Ince, Can van Kuijen, AM Milstein, DMJ Yuruk, K Folkow, LP Fokkens, WJ Blix, AS |
author_sort |
Ince, Can |
title |
CHRISTMAS 2012: RESEARCH Why Rudolph's nose is red: observational study |
title_short |
CHRISTMAS 2012: RESEARCH Why Rudolph's nose is red: observational study |
title_full |
CHRISTMAS 2012: RESEARCH Why Rudolph's nose is red: observational study |
title_fullStr |
CHRISTMAS 2012: RESEARCH Why Rudolph's nose is red: observational study |
title_full_unstemmed |
CHRISTMAS 2012: RESEARCH Why Rudolph's nose is red: observational study |
title_sort |
christmas 2012: research why rudolph's nose is red: observational study |
publishDate |
2012 |
url |
https://pure.eur.nl/en/publications/32b056e2-6f63-4bfe-bf8a-c389ac858d07 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e8311 https://pure.eur.nl/ws/files/47467426/REPUB_66927_OA.pdf http://hdl.handle.net/1765/66927 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-62.433,-62.433,-64.900,-64.900) ENVELOPE(16.546,16.546,68.801,68.801) |
geographic |
North Pole Norway Rudolph Tromso |
geographic_facet |
North Pole Norway Rudolph Tromso |
genre |
North Pole Tromso Tromso |
genre_facet |
North Pole Tromso Tromso |
op_source |
Ince , C , van Kuijen , AM , Milstein , DMJ , Yuruk , K , Folkow , LP , Fokkens , WJ & Blix , AS 2012 , ' CHRISTMAS 2012: RESEARCH Why Rudolph's nose is red: observational study ' , British Medical Journal , vol. 345 . https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e8311 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e8311 |
container_title |
BMJ |
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345 |
container_issue |
dec14 14 |
container_start_page |
e8311 |
op_container_end_page |
e8311 |
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1766140732980068352 |