Состояние, проблемы и технологии восстановления нарушенных земель Крайнего Севера

• Main Authors: Tikhanovsky, A. N., Тихановский, А. Н.
• Other Authors: Департамент «Биологический факультет»
• Format: Conference Object
• Language: Russian
• Published: Издательство Уральского университета 2012
• Subjects: Крайн*
• Online Access: http://elar.urfu.ru/handle/10995/32750

Features of structure of northern ecosystems are that, that at techogenic impact on them (especially transport) collapses not only a vegetative cover, but all biogeocenosis. Being bared mineral thickness does not contain specific organic substances of a phytogenesis. It biologically inert, a mode of its temperature becomes contrast. Self-restoration of such areas goes extremely slowly, that favors to development of an erosion, other negative phenomena, which strengthen actually techogenic influence. The second factor, defining success of restoration, is an existence of organic substance. Feature of this region is a poor organogenic horizon (2-7 cm), which completely damaged at anthropogonous impacks on it. In these conditions, the self-recovery potential is low, because the stripping horizon is not so favorable for the vegetation. In this connection, the work should be directed at the natural ecosystem recovery, that presents the unity of vegetation community, biologically saturated with organic substance of the prolific layer, and the microb complex in it, that transforms the plant remains. In these conditions need of search of optimum ways of a recultivation is obvious. It is thus expedient to consider agrotechnical receptions not only as a way of restoration of a vegetative cover, and it is rather as a push, a stimulator for acceleration of the natural self-recovery, caused by improvement of physical and agrochemical properties of the soil. Intensity of restoration of a soil and vegetative cover depends on existence of an organogenic layer, and at its absence — from creation of this layer with use of peat or other organic components, introduction of mineral and limy fertilizers, crops of herbs of local types. Особенности строения северных экосистем таковы, что при техногенном воздействии на них (особенно транспорта) разрушается не только растительный покров, а и весь биогеоценоз. Обнажающаяся минеральная толща не содержит специфических органических веществ растительного происхождения, биологически инертна, ...