Effects of sheep grazing on plants adapting to climate change and rising temperatures
Global warming is expected to affect the arctic harsher than other regions of the globe. Many plant species will face conditions that contradict their adaptations in a warming climate. Changes in habitat can lead to drastic changes in biodiversity as well as exerting a strong selective pressure for...
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Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning
2020
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ftuppsalauniv:oai:DiVA.org:uu-427081 2023-05-15T15:01:58+02:00 Effects of sheep grazing on plants adapting to climate change and rising temperatures Finnsdóttir, Rán 2020 application/pdf http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-427081 eng eng Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning The Soil Conservation Service of Iceland http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-427081 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess ForHot Sheep grazing Geothermal Global warming Climate change Plant ecology GróLind Landgræðslan Jarðhiti Ecology Ekologi Student thesis info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis text 2020 ftuppsalauniv 2023-02-23T21:54:23Z Global warming is expected to affect the arctic harsher than other regions of the globe. Many plant species will face conditions that contradict their adaptations in a warming climate. Changes in habitat can lead to drastic changes in biodiversity as well as exerting a strong selective pressure for plants to evolve and adapt quickly. Herbivore grazing in the arctic also affects plant ecosystems e.g. by lowering biodiversity and changing species composition and may influence their response to warming. The aim of this study was to examine whether grazing influences plants’ adaptation to rising temperatures. Geothermally warmed areas have been used as in situ proxy systems for effects of warming climates on ecosystems. Grændalur, a geothermally warmed valley in southwest Iceland, was used as a study site to explore the effects of warming and grazing on ecosystems. Three soil temperature gradient transects were established there and each transect has six fenced-off plots, at different soil temperatures (ambient +0, +1, +3, +5, +10 and +20°C), and paired plots outside the fence that were grazed by sheep. Species richness, evenness, Shannon-Wiener and Simpson’s diversity, species cover, and composition as well as plant height were measured in these plots inside and outside the fence. In addition, flowering and vegetative Ranunculus acris (meadow buttercup) individuals were counted in each plot to assess grazing effects on flowering success. Grazing did not influence the plant community response to warming. Rising temperature decreased species richness and both Shannon-Wiener and Simpson’s diversity, and drove changes in community composition. Plant height increased with rising temperatures but decreased with grazing. Grazing also significantly reduced R. acris flowering. These results highlight the need for sustainable grazing management in Iceland, as well as the significance global warming has for plant communities. Bachelor Thesis Arctic Climate change Global warming Iceland Uppsala University: Publications (DiVA) Arctic |
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Uppsala University: Publications (DiVA) |
op_collection_id |
ftuppsalauniv |
language |
English |
topic |
ForHot Sheep grazing Geothermal Global warming Climate change Plant ecology GróLind Landgræðslan Jarðhiti Ecology Ekologi |
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ForHot Sheep grazing Geothermal Global warming Climate change Plant ecology GróLind Landgræðslan Jarðhiti Ecology Ekologi Finnsdóttir, Rán Effects of sheep grazing on plants adapting to climate change and rising temperatures |
topic_facet |
ForHot Sheep grazing Geothermal Global warming Climate change Plant ecology GróLind Landgræðslan Jarðhiti Ecology Ekologi |
description |
Global warming is expected to affect the arctic harsher than other regions of the globe. Many plant species will face conditions that contradict their adaptations in a warming climate. Changes in habitat can lead to drastic changes in biodiversity as well as exerting a strong selective pressure for plants to evolve and adapt quickly. Herbivore grazing in the arctic also affects plant ecosystems e.g. by lowering biodiversity and changing species composition and may influence their response to warming. The aim of this study was to examine whether grazing influences plants’ adaptation to rising temperatures. Geothermally warmed areas have been used as in situ proxy systems for effects of warming climates on ecosystems. Grændalur, a geothermally warmed valley in southwest Iceland, was used as a study site to explore the effects of warming and grazing on ecosystems. Three soil temperature gradient transects were established there and each transect has six fenced-off plots, at different soil temperatures (ambient +0, +1, +3, +5, +10 and +20°C), and paired plots outside the fence that were grazed by sheep. Species richness, evenness, Shannon-Wiener and Simpson’s diversity, species cover, and composition as well as plant height were measured in these plots inside and outside the fence. In addition, flowering and vegetative Ranunculus acris (meadow buttercup) individuals were counted in each plot to assess grazing effects on flowering success. Grazing did not influence the plant community response to warming. Rising temperature decreased species richness and both Shannon-Wiener and Simpson’s diversity, and drove changes in community composition. Plant height increased with rising temperatures but decreased with grazing. Grazing also significantly reduced R. acris flowering. These results highlight the need for sustainable grazing management in Iceland, as well as the significance global warming has for plant communities. |
format |
Bachelor Thesis |
author |
Finnsdóttir, Rán |
author_facet |
Finnsdóttir, Rán |
author_sort |
Finnsdóttir, Rán |
title |
Effects of sheep grazing on plants adapting to climate change and rising temperatures |
title_short |
Effects of sheep grazing on plants adapting to climate change and rising temperatures |
title_full |
Effects of sheep grazing on plants adapting to climate change and rising temperatures |
title_fullStr |
Effects of sheep grazing on plants adapting to climate change and rising temperatures |
title_full_unstemmed |
Effects of sheep grazing on plants adapting to climate change and rising temperatures |
title_sort |
effects of sheep grazing on plants adapting to climate change and rising temperatures |
publisher |
Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-427081 |
geographic |
Arctic |
geographic_facet |
Arctic |
genre |
Arctic Climate change Global warming Iceland |
genre_facet |
Arctic Climate change Global warming Iceland |
op_relation |
http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-427081 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
_version_ |
1766333967383920640 |