Landscape change in the Icelandic highland : A long-term record of the impacts of land use, climate and volcanism
Agriculture has been practiced in Iceland since settlement (landnam; AD 877). This has caused changes in vegetation communities, soil erosion, desertification and loss of carbon stocks. Little data exist regarding vegetation and ecosystems in the Icelandic highland before landnam and therefore the i...
Published in: | Quaternary Science Reviews |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , |
Format: | Article in Journal/Newspaper |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Uppsala universitet, Arkeologi
2020
|
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-419792 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106363 |
id |
ftuppsalauniv:oai:DiVA.org:uu-419792 |
---|---|
record_format |
openpolar |
spelling |
ftuppsalauniv:oai:DiVA.org:uu-419792 2023-05-15T16:49:12+02:00 Landscape change in the Icelandic highland : A long-term record of the impacts of land use, climate and volcanism Dögg Eddudottir, Sigrun Erlendsson, Egill Gisladottir, Gudrun 2020 application/pdf http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-419792 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106363 eng eng Uppsala universitet, Arkeologi Univ Iceland, Inst Life & Environm Sci, Sturlugata 7, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland. Univ Iceland, Inst Life & Environm Sci, Sturlugata 7, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland.;Univ Iceland, Inst Earth Sci, Sturlugata 7, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland. Quaternary Science Reviews, 0277-3791, 2020, 240, http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-419792 doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106363 ISI:000546906200007 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Anthropocene Paleolimnology Europe Vegetation dynamics Organic geochemistry Stable isotopes Physical Geography Naturgeografi Article in journal info:eu-repo/semantics/article text 2020 ftuppsalauniv https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106363 2023-02-23T21:53:24Z Agriculture has been practiced in Iceland since settlement (landnam; AD 877). This has caused changes in vegetation communities, soil erosion, desertification and loss of carbon stocks. Little data exist regarding vegetation and ecosystems in the Icelandic highland before landnam and therefore the impact of land use over time is poorly understood. The objectives of the study are to examine the timing, nature and causes of land degradation in the highland of Northwest Iceland. Specifically, to determine the resilience of the pre-landnam highland environment to disturbances (i.e. climate cooling and volcanism) and whether land use pressure was of sufficient magnitude to facilitate ecosystem change. A sediment core was taken from the highland lake Galtabol. A chronology for the core was constructed using known tephra layers and radiocarbon dated plant macrofossils. Pollen analysis (vegetation), coprophilous fungal spores (proxy for grazing), and sediment properties (proxies for erosion) were used to provide a high-resolution, integrated vegetation and paleoenvironmental reconstruction. The pre-landnam environment showed resilience to climate cooling and repeated tephra fall. Soon after landnam the vegetation community changed and instability increased, indicated by changes in sediment properties. The pollen and spore record suggest introduction of grazing herbivores into the area after landnam. Following landnam, indicators of soil erosion appear in the sediment properties. Intensification of soil erosion occurred during the 17th century. The Galtabol record clearly demonstrates what can happen in landscapes without adequate management of natural resources and underestimation of landscape sensitivity. Introduction of land use resulted in changes in vegetation communities, loss of resilience and onset of increased soil erosion. Paleoenvironmental reconstructions may inform future decisions on management of the highland by providing baselines for natural variability in the pre-landmim environment. Article in Journal/Newspaper Iceland Uppsala University: Publications (DiVA) Quaternary Science Reviews 240 106363 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Uppsala University: Publications (DiVA) |
op_collection_id |
ftuppsalauniv |
language |
English |
topic |
Anthropocene Paleolimnology Europe Vegetation dynamics Organic geochemistry Stable isotopes Physical Geography Naturgeografi |
spellingShingle |
Anthropocene Paleolimnology Europe Vegetation dynamics Organic geochemistry Stable isotopes Physical Geography Naturgeografi Dögg Eddudottir, Sigrun Erlendsson, Egill Gisladottir, Gudrun Landscape change in the Icelandic highland : A long-term record of the impacts of land use, climate and volcanism |
topic_facet |
Anthropocene Paleolimnology Europe Vegetation dynamics Organic geochemistry Stable isotopes Physical Geography Naturgeografi |
description |
Agriculture has been practiced in Iceland since settlement (landnam; AD 877). This has caused changes in vegetation communities, soil erosion, desertification and loss of carbon stocks. Little data exist regarding vegetation and ecosystems in the Icelandic highland before landnam and therefore the impact of land use over time is poorly understood. The objectives of the study are to examine the timing, nature and causes of land degradation in the highland of Northwest Iceland. Specifically, to determine the resilience of the pre-landnam highland environment to disturbances (i.e. climate cooling and volcanism) and whether land use pressure was of sufficient magnitude to facilitate ecosystem change. A sediment core was taken from the highland lake Galtabol. A chronology for the core was constructed using known tephra layers and radiocarbon dated plant macrofossils. Pollen analysis (vegetation), coprophilous fungal spores (proxy for grazing), and sediment properties (proxies for erosion) were used to provide a high-resolution, integrated vegetation and paleoenvironmental reconstruction. The pre-landnam environment showed resilience to climate cooling and repeated tephra fall. Soon after landnam the vegetation community changed and instability increased, indicated by changes in sediment properties. The pollen and spore record suggest introduction of grazing herbivores into the area after landnam. Following landnam, indicators of soil erosion appear in the sediment properties. Intensification of soil erosion occurred during the 17th century. The Galtabol record clearly demonstrates what can happen in landscapes without adequate management of natural resources and underestimation of landscape sensitivity. Introduction of land use resulted in changes in vegetation communities, loss of resilience and onset of increased soil erosion. Paleoenvironmental reconstructions may inform future decisions on management of the highland by providing baselines for natural variability in the pre-landmim environment. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Dögg Eddudottir, Sigrun Erlendsson, Egill Gisladottir, Gudrun |
author_facet |
Dögg Eddudottir, Sigrun Erlendsson, Egill Gisladottir, Gudrun |
author_sort |
Dögg Eddudottir, Sigrun |
title |
Landscape change in the Icelandic highland : A long-term record of the impacts of land use, climate and volcanism |
title_short |
Landscape change in the Icelandic highland : A long-term record of the impacts of land use, climate and volcanism |
title_full |
Landscape change in the Icelandic highland : A long-term record of the impacts of land use, climate and volcanism |
title_fullStr |
Landscape change in the Icelandic highland : A long-term record of the impacts of land use, climate and volcanism |
title_full_unstemmed |
Landscape change in the Icelandic highland : A long-term record of the impacts of land use, climate and volcanism |
title_sort |
landscape change in the icelandic highland : a long-term record of the impacts of land use, climate and volcanism |
publisher |
Uppsala universitet, Arkeologi |
publishDate |
2020 |
url |
http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-419792 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106363 |
genre |
Iceland |
genre_facet |
Iceland |
op_relation |
Quaternary Science Reviews, 0277-3791, 2020, 240, http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-419792 doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106363 ISI:000546906200007 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106363 |
container_title |
Quaternary Science Reviews |
container_volume |
240 |
container_start_page |
106363 |
_version_ |
1766039334940573696 |