Characterising volcanic magma plumbing systems : A tool to improve eruption forecasting at hazardous volcanoes
This thesis attempts to develop our understanding of volcanic magma plumbing systems and the magmatic processes that operate within them, such as fractional crystallisation, crustal partial melting, assimilation, and magma mixing. I utilise petrology, rock and mineral geochemistry, and isotope syste...
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Uppsala universitet, Mineralogi, petrologi och tektonik
2015
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ftuppsalauniv:oai:DiVA.org:uu-267473 2023-05-15T16:49:05+02:00 Characterising volcanic magma plumbing systems : A tool to improve eruption forecasting at hazardous volcanoes Budd, David A. 2015 application/pdf http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-267473 eng eng Uppsala universitet, Mineralogi, petrologi och tektonik Uppsala Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology, 1651-6214 1325 http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-267473 urn:isbn:978-91-554-9424-7 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess magma plumbing oxygen isotopes thermobarometry crustal assimilation Katla Merapi Kelud Toba volcanic hazards Doctoral thesis, comprehensive summary info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis text 2015 ftuppsalauniv 2023-02-23T21:39:29Z This thesis attempts to develop our understanding of volcanic magma plumbing systems and the magmatic processes that operate within them, such as fractional crystallisation, crustal partial melting, assimilation, and magma mixing. I utilise petrology, rock and mineral geochemistry, and isotope systematics to seek to improve our ability to forecast the eruptive frequency and style of active volcanoes, an aspect often lacking in current volcano monitoring efforts. In particular, magma reservoir dynamics are investigated from a mineral scale at Katla volcano in Iceland, to a sub-mineral scale at Merapi, Kelud, and Toba volcanoes in Indonesia. The magma plumbing architecture of Katla volcano on Iceland is explored in the first part of this thesis. Crystalline components within tephra and volcanic rock preserve a record of the physical and chemical evolution of a magma, and are analysed through oxygen isotopic and thermobarometric techniques to temporally constrain changes in reservoir depth and decode the petrogenesis of the lavas. We find both prolonged upper crustal magma storage and shallow level assimilation to be occurring at Katla. The results generated from combining these analytical strands reveal the potential for unpredictable explosive volcanism at this lively Icelandic volcano. The second part of this thesis examines the magma plumbing systems of Merapi, Kelud and Toba volcanoes of the Sunda arc in Indonesia at higher temporal and petrological resolution than possible for Katla (e.g., due to the crystal poor character of the rocks). For this part of the thesis, minerals were analysed in-situ to take advantage of sub-crystal scale isotopic variations in order to investigate processes of shallow-level assimilation in the build-up to particular eruptions. We find that intra-crystal analyses reveal an otherwise hidden differentiation history at these volcanoes, and establish a better understanding as to how they may have rapidly achieved a critical explosive state. The outcomes of this thesis therefore ... Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis Iceland Katla Uppsala University: Publications (DiVA) Katla ENVELOPE(-19.062,-19.062,63.631,63.631) Sunda ENVELOPE(-6.982,-6.982,62.205,62.205) |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Uppsala University: Publications (DiVA) |
op_collection_id |
ftuppsalauniv |
language |
English |
topic |
magma plumbing oxygen isotopes thermobarometry crustal assimilation Katla Merapi Kelud Toba volcanic hazards |
spellingShingle |
magma plumbing oxygen isotopes thermobarometry crustal assimilation Katla Merapi Kelud Toba volcanic hazards Budd, David A. Characterising volcanic magma plumbing systems : A tool to improve eruption forecasting at hazardous volcanoes |
topic_facet |
magma plumbing oxygen isotopes thermobarometry crustal assimilation Katla Merapi Kelud Toba volcanic hazards |
description |
This thesis attempts to develop our understanding of volcanic magma plumbing systems and the magmatic processes that operate within them, such as fractional crystallisation, crustal partial melting, assimilation, and magma mixing. I utilise petrology, rock and mineral geochemistry, and isotope systematics to seek to improve our ability to forecast the eruptive frequency and style of active volcanoes, an aspect often lacking in current volcano monitoring efforts. In particular, magma reservoir dynamics are investigated from a mineral scale at Katla volcano in Iceland, to a sub-mineral scale at Merapi, Kelud, and Toba volcanoes in Indonesia. The magma plumbing architecture of Katla volcano on Iceland is explored in the first part of this thesis. Crystalline components within tephra and volcanic rock preserve a record of the physical and chemical evolution of a magma, and are analysed through oxygen isotopic and thermobarometric techniques to temporally constrain changes in reservoir depth and decode the petrogenesis of the lavas. We find both prolonged upper crustal magma storage and shallow level assimilation to be occurring at Katla. The results generated from combining these analytical strands reveal the potential for unpredictable explosive volcanism at this lively Icelandic volcano. The second part of this thesis examines the magma plumbing systems of Merapi, Kelud and Toba volcanoes of the Sunda arc in Indonesia at higher temporal and petrological resolution than possible for Katla (e.g., due to the crystal poor character of the rocks). For this part of the thesis, minerals were analysed in-situ to take advantage of sub-crystal scale isotopic variations in order to investigate processes of shallow-level assimilation in the build-up to particular eruptions. We find that intra-crystal analyses reveal an otherwise hidden differentiation history at these volcanoes, and establish a better understanding as to how they may have rapidly achieved a critical explosive state. The outcomes of this thesis therefore ... |
format |
Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis |
author |
Budd, David A. |
author_facet |
Budd, David A. |
author_sort |
Budd, David A. |
title |
Characterising volcanic magma plumbing systems : A tool to improve eruption forecasting at hazardous volcanoes |
title_short |
Characterising volcanic magma plumbing systems : A tool to improve eruption forecasting at hazardous volcanoes |
title_full |
Characterising volcanic magma plumbing systems : A tool to improve eruption forecasting at hazardous volcanoes |
title_fullStr |
Characterising volcanic magma plumbing systems : A tool to improve eruption forecasting at hazardous volcanoes |
title_full_unstemmed |
Characterising volcanic magma plumbing systems : A tool to improve eruption forecasting at hazardous volcanoes |
title_sort |
characterising volcanic magma plumbing systems : a tool to improve eruption forecasting at hazardous volcanoes |
publisher |
Uppsala universitet, Mineralogi, petrologi och tektonik |
publishDate |
2015 |
url |
http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-267473 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(-19.062,-19.062,63.631,63.631) ENVELOPE(-6.982,-6.982,62.205,62.205) |
geographic |
Katla Sunda |
geographic_facet |
Katla Sunda |
genre |
Iceland Katla |
genre_facet |
Iceland Katla |
op_relation |
Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology, 1651-6214 1325 http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-267473 urn:isbn:978-91-554-9424-7 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
_version_ |
1766039148335988736 |