Stand-alone single-frequency GPS ice velocity observations on Nordenskiöldbreen, Svalbard
Precise measurements of ice-flow velocities are necessary for a proper understanding of the dynamics of glaciers and their response to climate change. We use stand-alone single-frequency GPS receivers for this purpose. They are designed to operate unattended for 1–3 years, allowing uninterrupted mea...
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Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten- och landskapslära
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ftuppsalauniv:oai:DiVA.org:uu-138217 2023-05-15T18:29:45+02:00 Stand-alone single-frequency GPS ice velocity observations on Nordenskiöldbreen, Svalbard Den Ouden, M. A. G. Reijmer, C. H. Pohjola, Veijo A. van de Wal, R. S. W. Oerlemans, J. Boot, W. 2010 application/pdf http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-138217 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-4-593-2010 eng eng Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten- och landskapslära The Cryosphere, 1994-0416, 2010, 4:4, s. 593-604 http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-138217 doi:10.5194/tc-4-593-2010 ISI:000285578700014 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess Physical Geography Naturgeografi Article in journal info:eu-repo/semantics/article text 2010 ftuppsalauniv https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-4-593-2010 2023-02-23T21:52:08Z Precise measurements of ice-flow velocities are necessary for a proper understanding of the dynamics of glaciers and their response to climate change. We use stand-alone single-frequency GPS receivers for this purpose. They are designed to operate unattended for 1–3 years, allowing uninterrupted measurements for long periods with hourly temporal resolution. We present the system and illustrate its functioning using data from 9 GPS receivers deployed on Nordenskiöldbreen, Svalbard, for the period 2006–2009. The accuracy of the receivers is 1.62 m based on the standard deviation in the average location of a stationary reference station (NBRef). Both the location of NBRef and the observed flow velocities agree within one standard deviation with DGPS measurements. Periodicity (6, 8, 12, 24 h) in the NBRef data is largely explained by the atmospheric, mainly ionospheric, influence on the GPS signal. A (weighed) running-average on the observed locations significantly reduces the standard deviation and removes high frequency periodicities, but also reduces the temporal resolution. Results show annual average velocities varying between 40 and 55 m yr−1 at stations on the central flow-line. On weekly to monthly time-scales we observe a peak in the flow velocities (from 60 to 90 m yr−1) at the beginning of July related to increased melt-rates. No significant lag is observed between the timing of the maximum speed between different stations. This is likely due to the limited temporal resolution after averaging in combination with the relatively small distance (max. ±13 km) between the stations. Article in Journal/Newspaper Svalbard The Cryosphere Uppsala University: Publications (DiVA) Nordenskiöldbreen ENVELOPE(17.166,17.166,78.676,78.676) Svalbard The Cryosphere 4 4 593 604 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
Uppsala University: Publications (DiVA) |
op_collection_id |
ftuppsalauniv |
language |
English |
topic |
Physical Geography Naturgeografi |
spellingShingle |
Physical Geography Naturgeografi Den Ouden, M. A. G. Reijmer, C. H. Pohjola, Veijo A. van de Wal, R. S. W. Oerlemans, J. Boot, W. Stand-alone single-frequency GPS ice velocity observations on Nordenskiöldbreen, Svalbard |
topic_facet |
Physical Geography Naturgeografi |
description |
Precise measurements of ice-flow velocities are necessary for a proper understanding of the dynamics of glaciers and their response to climate change. We use stand-alone single-frequency GPS receivers for this purpose. They are designed to operate unattended for 1–3 years, allowing uninterrupted measurements for long periods with hourly temporal resolution. We present the system and illustrate its functioning using data from 9 GPS receivers deployed on Nordenskiöldbreen, Svalbard, for the period 2006–2009. The accuracy of the receivers is 1.62 m based on the standard deviation in the average location of a stationary reference station (NBRef). Both the location of NBRef and the observed flow velocities agree within one standard deviation with DGPS measurements. Periodicity (6, 8, 12, 24 h) in the NBRef data is largely explained by the atmospheric, mainly ionospheric, influence on the GPS signal. A (weighed) running-average on the observed locations significantly reduces the standard deviation and removes high frequency periodicities, but also reduces the temporal resolution. Results show annual average velocities varying between 40 and 55 m yr−1 at stations on the central flow-line. On weekly to monthly time-scales we observe a peak in the flow velocities (from 60 to 90 m yr−1) at the beginning of July related to increased melt-rates. No significant lag is observed between the timing of the maximum speed between different stations. This is likely due to the limited temporal resolution after averaging in combination with the relatively small distance (max. ±13 km) between the stations. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Den Ouden, M. A. G. Reijmer, C. H. Pohjola, Veijo A. van de Wal, R. S. W. Oerlemans, J. Boot, W. |
author_facet |
Den Ouden, M. A. G. Reijmer, C. H. Pohjola, Veijo A. van de Wal, R. S. W. Oerlemans, J. Boot, W. |
author_sort |
Den Ouden, M. A. G. |
title |
Stand-alone single-frequency GPS ice velocity observations on Nordenskiöldbreen, Svalbard |
title_short |
Stand-alone single-frequency GPS ice velocity observations on Nordenskiöldbreen, Svalbard |
title_full |
Stand-alone single-frequency GPS ice velocity observations on Nordenskiöldbreen, Svalbard |
title_fullStr |
Stand-alone single-frequency GPS ice velocity observations on Nordenskiöldbreen, Svalbard |
title_full_unstemmed |
Stand-alone single-frequency GPS ice velocity observations on Nordenskiöldbreen, Svalbard |
title_sort |
stand-alone single-frequency gps ice velocity observations on nordenskiöldbreen, svalbard |
publisher |
Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten- och landskapslära |
publishDate |
2010 |
url |
http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-138217 https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-4-593-2010 |
long_lat |
ENVELOPE(17.166,17.166,78.676,78.676) |
geographic |
Nordenskiöldbreen Svalbard |
geographic_facet |
Nordenskiöldbreen Svalbard |
genre |
Svalbard The Cryosphere |
genre_facet |
Svalbard The Cryosphere |
op_relation |
The Cryosphere, 1994-0416, 2010, 4:4, s. 593-604 http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-138217 doi:10.5194/tc-4-593-2010 ISI:000285578700014 |
op_rights |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-4-593-2010 |
container_title |
The Cryosphere |
container_volume |
4 |
container_issue |
4 |
container_start_page |
593 |
op_container_end_page |
604 |
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1766213099918983168 |