| Summary: | The Polar Regions may seem remote, but the observed rapid changes now affecting both the Arctic and Antarctic regions have resulted in significant consequences for the weather and climate in lower latitudes, including Europe. Environmental changes being observed, particularly in the Arctic, are a clear indication of the impending shifts that will increasingly affect European environment, society and industry. Changes in the Polar Regions present societal challenges, but also economic opportunities for Europe and the world. Science is a vital tool in understanding what is driving the rapid changes being observed at high latitudes. Research is also necessary to make our climate models and forecasting more realistic by identifying and reducing important sources of uncertainty that may impair reliable prediction. However the scale of many of the questions being posed is now recognised as being beyond the capabilities of individual nations and strong international cooperation is needed to overcome these challenges. There is often a need to obtain data from geographically widely separated areas of the Polar Regions and these need complementary observational schemes to be implemented for valid inter-comparisons. Similarly the costs of operating infrastructure in Polar Regions are becoming increasingly challenging and there is a need therefore to cooperate on infrastructure access and shared costs to optimise the support of larger research programmes. The presentation will introduce three European projects: EU-PolarNet, EUROFLEETS2 and ARICE which actively work on improving infrastructure development and access in the Polar Regions in cooperation with international partners. The examples given are from the Arctic Ocean but similar models of transnational access and infrastructure sharing will apply for the Antarctic. Peer Reviewed
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