Synergistic roles of climate warming and human occupation in Patagonian megafaunal extinctions during the Last Deglaciation
The causes of Late Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions (60,000 to 11,650 years ago, hereafter 60 to 11.65 ka) remain contentious, with major phases coinciding with both human arrival and climate change around the world. The Americas provide a unique opportunity to disentangle these factors as human c...
Published in: | Science Advances |
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American Association for the Advancement of Science: Science Advances
2016
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Online Access: | http://hdl.handle.net/1959.4/unsworks_39822 https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/bitstreams/7b8a1ed0-87c2-403f-91c8-fd186eb75db9/download https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501682 |
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ftunswworks:oai:unsworks.library.unsw.edu.au:1959.4/unsworks_39822 2024-05-12T07:54:30+00:00 Synergistic roles of climate warming and human occupation in Patagonian megafaunal extinctions during the Last Deglaciation Metcalf, JL Turney, C Barnett, R Martin, F Bray, SC Vilstrup, JT Orlando, L Salas-Gismondi, R Loponte, D Medina, M De Nigris, M Civalero, T Marcelo Fernández, P Gasco, A Duran, V Seymour, KL Otaola, C Gil, A Paunero, R Prevosti, FJ Bradshaw, CJA Wheeler, JC Borrero, L Austin, JJ Cooper, A 2016-06-17 application/pdf http://hdl.handle.net/1959.4/unsworks_39822 https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/bitstreams/7b8a1ed0-87c2-403f-91c8-fd186eb75db9/download https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501682 unknown American Association for the Advancement of Science: Science Advances http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/FL100100195 http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/2/6/e1501682 http://hdl.handle.net/1959.4/unsworks_39822 https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/bitstreams/7b8a1ed0-87c2-403f-91c8-fd186eb75db9/download https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501682 open access https://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 CC BY-NC https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ free_to_read urn:ISSN:2375-2548 Science Advances, 2, 6, e1501682-e1501682 13 Climate Action Animals Bone and Bones Camelidae Climate Change DNA Mitochondrial Extinction Biological Felidae Human Activities Humans Ice Cover Radiometric Dating Sequence Analysis South America Ursidae Antarctic Cold Reversal PATAGONIA Pleistocene climate human occupation megafauna mitochondrial DNA radiocarbon journal article http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 2016 ftunswworks https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501682 2024-04-17T15:57:29Z The causes of Late Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions (60,000 to 11,650 years ago, hereafter 60 to 11.65 ka) remain contentious, with major phases coinciding with both human arrival and climate change around the world. The Americas provide a unique opportunity to disentangle these factors as human colonization took place over a narrow time frame (~15 to 14.6 ka) but during contrasting temperature trends across each continent. Unfortunately, limited data sets in South America have so far precluded detailed comparison. We analyze genetic and radiocarbon data from 89 and 71 Patagonian megafaunal bones, respectively, more than doubling the high-quality Pleistocene megafaunal radiocarbon data sets from the region. We identify a narrow megafaunal extinction phase 12,280 ± 110 years ago, some 1 to 3 thousand years after initial human presence in the area. Although humans arrived immediately prior to a cold phase, the Antarctic Cold Reversal stadial, megafaunal extinctions did not occur until the stadial finished and the subsequent warming phase commenced some 1 to 3 thousand years later. The increased resolution provided by the Patagonian material reveals that the sequence of climate and extinction events in North and South America were temporally inverted, but in both cases, megafaunal extinctions did not occur until human presence and climate warming coincided. Overall, metapopulation processes involving subpopulation connectivity on a continental scale appear to have been critical for megafaunal species survival of both climate change and human impacts. Article in Journal/Newspaper Antarc* Antarctic UNSW Sydney (The University of New South Wales): UNSWorks Antarctic The Antarctic Patagonia Science Advances 2 6 e1501682 |
institution |
Open Polar |
collection |
UNSW Sydney (The University of New South Wales): UNSWorks |
op_collection_id |
ftunswworks |
language |
unknown |
topic |
13 Climate Action Animals Bone and Bones Camelidae Climate Change DNA Mitochondrial Extinction Biological Felidae Human Activities Humans Ice Cover Radiometric Dating Sequence Analysis South America Ursidae Antarctic Cold Reversal PATAGONIA Pleistocene climate human occupation megafauna mitochondrial DNA radiocarbon |
spellingShingle |
13 Climate Action Animals Bone and Bones Camelidae Climate Change DNA Mitochondrial Extinction Biological Felidae Human Activities Humans Ice Cover Radiometric Dating Sequence Analysis South America Ursidae Antarctic Cold Reversal PATAGONIA Pleistocene climate human occupation megafauna mitochondrial DNA radiocarbon Metcalf, JL Turney, C Barnett, R Martin, F Bray, SC Vilstrup, JT Orlando, L Salas-Gismondi, R Loponte, D Medina, M De Nigris, M Civalero, T Marcelo Fernández, P Gasco, A Duran, V Seymour, KL Otaola, C Gil, A Paunero, R Prevosti, FJ Bradshaw, CJA Wheeler, JC Borrero, L Austin, JJ Cooper, A Synergistic roles of climate warming and human occupation in Patagonian megafaunal extinctions during the Last Deglaciation |
topic_facet |
13 Climate Action Animals Bone and Bones Camelidae Climate Change DNA Mitochondrial Extinction Biological Felidae Human Activities Humans Ice Cover Radiometric Dating Sequence Analysis South America Ursidae Antarctic Cold Reversal PATAGONIA Pleistocene climate human occupation megafauna mitochondrial DNA radiocarbon |
description |
The causes of Late Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions (60,000 to 11,650 years ago, hereafter 60 to 11.65 ka) remain contentious, with major phases coinciding with both human arrival and climate change around the world. The Americas provide a unique opportunity to disentangle these factors as human colonization took place over a narrow time frame (~15 to 14.6 ka) but during contrasting temperature trends across each continent. Unfortunately, limited data sets in South America have so far precluded detailed comparison. We analyze genetic and radiocarbon data from 89 and 71 Patagonian megafaunal bones, respectively, more than doubling the high-quality Pleistocene megafaunal radiocarbon data sets from the region. We identify a narrow megafaunal extinction phase 12,280 ± 110 years ago, some 1 to 3 thousand years after initial human presence in the area. Although humans arrived immediately prior to a cold phase, the Antarctic Cold Reversal stadial, megafaunal extinctions did not occur until the stadial finished and the subsequent warming phase commenced some 1 to 3 thousand years later. The increased resolution provided by the Patagonian material reveals that the sequence of climate and extinction events in North and South America were temporally inverted, but in both cases, megafaunal extinctions did not occur until human presence and climate warming coincided. Overall, metapopulation processes involving subpopulation connectivity on a continental scale appear to have been critical for megafaunal species survival of both climate change and human impacts. |
format |
Article in Journal/Newspaper |
author |
Metcalf, JL Turney, C Barnett, R Martin, F Bray, SC Vilstrup, JT Orlando, L Salas-Gismondi, R Loponte, D Medina, M De Nigris, M Civalero, T Marcelo Fernández, P Gasco, A Duran, V Seymour, KL Otaola, C Gil, A Paunero, R Prevosti, FJ Bradshaw, CJA Wheeler, JC Borrero, L Austin, JJ Cooper, A |
author_facet |
Metcalf, JL Turney, C Barnett, R Martin, F Bray, SC Vilstrup, JT Orlando, L Salas-Gismondi, R Loponte, D Medina, M De Nigris, M Civalero, T Marcelo Fernández, P Gasco, A Duran, V Seymour, KL Otaola, C Gil, A Paunero, R Prevosti, FJ Bradshaw, CJA Wheeler, JC Borrero, L Austin, JJ Cooper, A |
author_sort |
Metcalf, JL |
title |
Synergistic roles of climate warming and human occupation in Patagonian megafaunal extinctions during the Last Deglaciation |
title_short |
Synergistic roles of climate warming and human occupation in Patagonian megafaunal extinctions during the Last Deglaciation |
title_full |
Synergistic roles of climate warming and human occupation in Patagonian megafaunal extinctions during the Last Deglaciation |
title_fullStr |
Synergistic roles of climate warming and human occupation in Patagonian megafaunal extinctions during the Last Deglaciation |
title_full_unstemmed |
Synergistic roles of climate warming and human occupation in Patagonian megafaunal extinctions during the Last Deglaciation |
title_sort |
synergistic roles of climate warming and human occupation in patagonian megafaunal extinctions during the last deglaciation |
publisher |
American Association for the Advancement of Science: Science Advances |
publishDate |
2016 |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/1959.4/unsworks_39822 https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/bitstreams/7b8a1ed0-87c2-403f-91c8-fd186eb75db9/download https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501682 |
geographic |
Antarctic The Antarctic Patagonia |
geographic_facet |
Antarctic The Antarctic Patagonia |
genre |
Antarc* Antarctic |
genre_facet |
Antarc* Antarctic |
op_source |
urn:ISSN:2375-2548 Science Advances, 2, 6, e1501682-e1501682 |
op_relation |
http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/FL100100195 http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/2/6/e1501682 http://hdl.handle.net/1959.4/unsworks_39822 https://unsworks.unsw.edu.au/bitstreams/7b8a1ed0-87c2-403f-91c8-fd186eb75db9/download https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501682 |
op_rights |
open access https://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 CC BY-NC https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ free_to_read |
op_doi |
https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501682 |
container_title |
Science Advances |
container_volume |
2 |
container_issue |
6 |
container_start_page |
e1501682 |
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1798849825516552192 |